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All you need to know about Vitamin K

Vitamin-k-foods

Most of us are aware of Vitamin A, B, C, D and E. But do you know there is Vitamin K as well?  Yes there is Vitamin K which is an essential vitamin for our body.

Vitamin K is a fat soluble Vitamin is founded by Henrick Dam in 1934. It is also referred as antihemorrhagic factor or coagulation vitamin which has been derived from the Danish word Koagulations.

It is available in two forms

Vitamin K1, also known as phylloquinone, phytomenadione, or phytonadione. It is largely found in green leafy vegetables.

Vitamin K2 is known as menaquinones and is mainly found in the bacteria of colon (Large intestine).

FUNCTIONS

  1. It helps in maintaining bone matrix (bone mineralization)
  2. It helps in cellular growth
  3. It acts as a co factor for enzyme that validates protein to bind calcium
  4. It is important for normal clotting of blood
  5. It helps in synthesis of protein in plasma, bone and kidney
  6. It reduces the risk of cardio vascular diseases
  7. It lowers down the risk of type 2 diabetes
  8. It helps in the maintaining the bone health
  9. Ministry of Japan used it in treating osteoporosis
  10. It lowers the risk of liver cancer
  11. It diminishes the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
  12. It is used in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
  13. It’s antidote treatment of poisoning byrodenticide

Daily Dietary Recommendations

Infants

  • 0-6 months: 2 mcg
  • 6-12 months: 2.5 mcg

Toddlers 

  • 1-3 years: 30 mcg
  • 4-8 years: 55 mcg
  • 9-12 years: 60 mcg 

Teenagers

  • 13 years: 60 mcg
  • 14-18 years: 75 mcg

Adults

  • 19+ years, Female: 90 mcg
  • 19+ years, Male: 120 mcg

Pregnacy and lactation

  • Pregnant or lactating women, 14-18 years: 75 mcg
  • Pregnant or lactating women, 19+ years: 90 mcg 

Food sources for K1

Spinach, alfalfa, cabbage, kale, mustard leaves, collard greens, lettuce, Brussels greens, turnip greens, broccoli, parsley

Food sources for K2

Egg yolk, egg white, chicken, cheddar cheese, salmon, goose liver, bacon

Necessary as supplements for

1.   It is rare in adults but common in new born

2.   People suffering from

a.  Crohn’s disease

b.   Celiac disease

c.   Malnutrition

d.  Gall bladder diseases

e.  Cystic fibrosis

f.   Burn patients

g.  On hemodialysis

3.   People who are alcoholic.

4.   People on thinners

a.  Warfarin (Coumadin)

5.  People on drug (antibiotics) that interferes with vitamin K metabolism

a.   Cefamandole (Mandol)

b.  Cefoperazone (Cefobid)

c.  Cefmetazole (Zefazone)

d.  Cefotetan (Cefotan)

6. People on anticonvulsants

a. Phenytoin (Dilantin)

7. People on cholesterol lowering medications

a. Cholestyramine (Questran)

b. Colestipol (Colestid)

c. Colsevelam (Welchol)

Deficiencies & Toxicity

The deficiency of Vitamin K results in hemorrhage and lowering of blood clotting process. Whereas, steatorrhea may occur in the case of Vitamin K toxicity, though very rare.

Understanding the importance of Vitamin K in maintaining bone health, supporting blood clotting, and reducing the risk of various diseases is crucial for overall wellness. Incorporate Vitamin K-rich foods into your diet and consult with certified expert by subscribing to GOQii’s Personalised Health Coaching here, to ensure optimal levels of this essential nutrient.

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Carbo-Loading: All You Need To Know!

Carbo LoadingAt some point or the other, we have come across the term Carbo-Loading. While there are some people who know what it is, there are people who are unaware about this helpful hack. Carbo-Loading is the process of ‘loading’ your body’s muscles with excess glycogen. Glycogen is the energy source derived from eating carbohydrates and Carbo-Loading when done well, can lead to improvement in performance of endurance athletes.

What is Carbo-Loading?

In detail, Carbo-Loading means eating excess carbohydrates to fill the muscles with glycogen while also lowering your activity levels 3-4 days before the event.

Glycogen is the fuel which powers our body when we exercise. The carbohydrates that we eat are broken down to make glycogen, which is stored in the muscles to provide energy while exercising. The main aim of Carbo-Loading is to ensure that muscles have larger energy stores so that they don’t tire easily. Just like a car with a full tank would run longer, similarly, glycogen loaded muscles will perform longer.

Who needs Carbo-Loading?

Carbo-Loading helps athletes who compete in endurance events such as running over 10 kms, triathlons, treks, etc. Since the body already has enough glycogen stored in the muscles, it can perform short exercises with like weight training or jogging at sustained energy levels. It is the endurance runs which makes us use all our resources. This is where the extra glycogen can help to avoid cramps, prevent fatigue and keep one going till the finish line.

How to Carbo-Load?

Now this is the most important part. If done correctly, you will surely reap the benefits. If done incorrectly, it won’t help you much. It may even lead to feeling heavy before the marathon and even vomiting. You usually start 3-4 days before the event. It is recommended to start with 5 gm carbohydrates per kg body weight. You can increase it to 7-8 gm from your second attempt at Carbo-Loading.

4 Days Before the Event: You are eat the same number of calories as before but 60-70% of it should come from carbohydrates. Mostly complex carbs.

3 & 2 Days Before the Event: Eat more of simple carbs. They will provide instant energy! It is important to avoid processed forms of these simple carbs (like biscuits, rusk).

1 Day Before the Event: Almost all the carbohydrate calories should come from simple carbs one day before the event. Your last dinner before the event should be at least 12 hours prior to the race. The dinner should be heavy, made entirely of simple carbs, with little fats and proteins.

Before the Event: 2-3 hours before the event, eat a light and easy simple carb snack and also keep it for eating during the race.

Some Simple Carbs: Banana, milk, curd, honey, white bread, white rice, potato

Some Complex Carbs: Chapati, pulses, brown rice, sweet potato, green leafy vegetables, apples

Few Tips to Remember During Carbo-Loading

  • As it involves eating a high carb diet, people with diabetes and other medical problems which restrict the consumption of carbohydrates should consult their doctors before starting
  • Perform only light exercise when starting Carbo-Loading and rest the entire day before the event
  • Avoid adding new foods to your routine
  • Avoid eating fiber rich foods as they will give a feeling of satiety
  • Eat a moderate amount of fats and proteins
  • On all days of Carbo-Loading, eat 5-6 meals instead of eating only three to avoid a feeling of heaviness
  • After the event, have a carb-only meal to replenish the glycogen stores
  • Eat some salty snacks after the event (preferably salted nuts)
  • Drink lots of water during and after Carbo-Loading

Effects of Carbo-Loading

  • You will see a slight weight gain but it will only be due to the body retaining excess water. This weight will be gone in 1-2 days after the event
  • Expect a little stomach discomfort in this phase. It will not bother you much if you divide the total calories into 5-6 meals for the day

Have any questions about Carbo-Loading? Ask a GOQii Coach by subscribing for Personalised Health Coaching here.

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Quick Tips to Reduce Joint Pains During Winter

Joint pains during winterDo you experience joint pains during winter? While common for some people, the exact nature of cold-induced joint pain is uncertain but we’ve noticed that the symptoms often worsen.

It could be that muscles, ligaments and joints just get stiffer with lower temperatures, as the human body will conserve more heat, more blood would be circulated to the heart and lungs. So when this happens, muscles and blood vessels in the arms, shoulders, knees and other joints will contract, leading to pain. Even muscles lose their range of motion.

Reasons for Joint Pains during Winter

  • The pain receptors become more sensitive during winter.
  • The drop in atmospheric pressure causes joint tissues to swell, building tension between joints, causing pain.
  • Increase in muscle spasms in colder temperatures also worsens the pain and stiffness in joints.
  • The cold causes fine blood capillaries in the joints and extremities, like fingers and toes, to shrink or contract, amplifying the pain. 
  • Less sunlight during winters means lower Vitamin D levels which leads to weakened bones and joints.

Remedies for Relief 

  1. Dress Warm: Keep yourselves, especially your feet warm. Wear two or three pairs of thin clothing instead of one pair of heavy warm clothes to conserve body heat.
  2. Stay Active: Exercising is another way to get rid of all joint and muscle stiffness during winter time without overdoing it. Because this will improve blood circulation to your extremities and provide warmth and the necessary micronutrients to relieve pain.
  3. Localized Heating: Use an electric heating pad, hot water bag or an electric blanket to keep yourself warm while resting or sleeping.
  4. Warm baths: Swimming in a heated pool is great exercise and it soothes your joints. You can also get great relief from warm water or steam bath. Avoid piping hot water.
  5. Vitamin D: is essential for bone health. Lack of it can cause body aches. This deficiency may be due to lack of exposure to sunlight. Spending some time under the sun is a great way to replenish Vitamin D and get rid of joint aches. Food sources for Vitamin D include fatty fish, cheese, egg yolk, milk, nuts and seeds, soya products, and legumes. To enable absorption of Vitamin D from food or sunlight, include magnesium rich foods like entire green leafy vegetables (which are abundant in winters), pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, almonds, walnuts, avocado and bananas etc.
  6. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: are anti-inflammatory and highly beneficial in reducing inflammation in joints. So include avocados, flaxseeds, walnuts and fish in your diet. You’ll also find good Omega-3 in flax seeds, walnuts, chia seeds, pumpkin seeds, and sunflower seeds as well. 

A Quick Home Remedy

A mixture of turmeric, fenugreek/methi seeds and ginger has a positive impact on reducing joint pains and arthritis because of the anti-inflammatory properties. 

Ingredients

  • Ginger powder – 20 gm
  • Methi seeds – 50 gm
  • Turmeric powder – 50 gm

How to have: Take half or one tablespoon in the morning, preferably on an empty stomach for wonderful results.

Enjoy winter while following the above tips, for joint pains during winter. If you face extreme discomfort in your joints, do consult a doctor for Bone and Joint health.

For more tips and remedies for winter, check out Healthy Reads or ask a GOQii Coach by subscribing for Personalised Health Coaching here.

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6 Magical Herbs That Can Help You Sleep

6 Magical Herbs To Help You Sleep There are many people who face severe issues of sleep disorder and it is difficult for them to fall asleep. Sleep is a key component of good health. They say humans need at least 8 hours of sleep a night to rejuvenate and restore their bodies. Unfortunately, in the days of stress, chaos, constant electronic bombardment, adrenal fatigue, and hormonal craziness, we are seeing people generally getting less sleep, and the sleep they do get, tends to be interrupted in some way. This means the sleep quality and quantity have a lot to be desired. Thankfully, we have these 6 magical herbs which can help you relax, rejuvenate, and come to a quiet place of rest and relaxation.

6 Magical Herbs To Help You Sleep

1. Ashwagandha (Winter Cherry)

It is an adaptogen with strong affinities towards the nervous system. It helps the body deal with stress and hormone fluctuations caused by stress, especially helping regulate cortisol levels at night time. Cortisol is what wakes you up at 2 am thinking about a million things at once and not being able to fall back asleep. Taking 500mg of Ashwagandha daily can help your body even out stress hormone levels which can help you get a good night sleep. It has also been shown to ease anxiety and depression.

2. Chamomile

It is a wonderful calming herb. It relaxes both the body (muscles) and the mind. It is also a wonderful, gentle sedative. It is safe and effective for children. Chamomile tea sipped by a breastfeeding mother can soothe the baby after breastfeeding. Toddlers can sip chamomile tea with a little bit of honey before bedtime to calm them down. Adults can drink 1-2 cups of chamomile tea at the end of the day to help calm down before bedtime. Steep chamomile in hot water for 10 minutes in a tightly capped jar, strain and enjoy.

Chamomile oil can also be put in bath water (5-6 drops) to soothe overwrought nerves, diluted to 2% to make an excellent massage oil, or used as an inhalant.

Dose: Tea, 1 cup 2-3x daily; Tincture, 30 drops 3 x daily.

3. Lavender

Everyone knows that Lavender is great for relaxing and calming the mind and body. The essential oil can be diffused in the evenings alone or combined with other relaxing essential oils to bring on a state of peace and relaxation. The leaves can be drunk as a tea, or added to food. It is great for insomnia, agitation and restlessness. Lavender is a gentle strengthening tonic for the nervous system as well. A few drops of lavender oil added to a bath before bedtime are recommended for persons with sleep disorders. Additionally, the oil may be used as a compressor massage oil or simply inhaled to alleviate insomnia.

Dose: Tea, 1 cup 2-3 x daily; Essential oil may be inhaled, massaged into the skin (use 10 drops essential oil per ounce of vegetable oil), or added to baths (3-10 drops).

4. Passionflower

It’s a great herb for people who wake frequently throughout the night. It is a safe herb for most (excluding excessive use in pregnancy, especially in the first trimester), including children and can be taken in large doses frequently. It is used to promote a deep restful sleep and ease anxiety. Take 30-60 drops of passionflower tincture an hour before hitting the bed, and again at bedtime if you are not yet tired. The herb can be combined with others to make a wonderful night time tea as well. Passionflower is used for minor sleep problems in both children and adults (Bruneton, 1995). It is an excellent sedative with no side effects even when used in large doses (Spaick, 1978).

Dose: Tea, 1 cup 3x daily; Tincture, 30-60 drops 3-4x daily.

5. Lemon balm

It is used primarily to lift the mood and promote calmness and relaxation. Since depression is often related to insomnia, probably because of a lack of serotonin, lemon balm can help you achieve sleep by promoting mental and physical health. Several studies have confirmed its sedative effects, however, it should be noted that too high of a dosage (1800 milligrams) increases anxiety.

To make it into a mild, uplifting, and relaxing tea. You will need:

  • 2 tablespoons of dried lemon balm, or 8-10 tablespoons of fresh lemon balm
  • 2 teaspoons dried chamomile
  • Honey to taste (optional)
  • 8 ounces of fresh water

Directions: Place the loose herbs in a mug and cover with 8 ounces of boiling water. Steep for 5 minutes, strain, and drink 30-45 minutes before bed.

6. California Poppy

This is a great herb for insomnia due to restlessness and anxiety (and it’s safe and gentle enough for children). This herb not only helps you to fall asleep, it improves the quality of your sleep as well. A tincture is the most powerful way to take this. Try 30-40 drops twice daily (the second dose close to bedtime).

These herbs can be combined to make a lovely relaxing night time tea that works for your specific needs. That is the great thing about herbs, some speak to you more than others. Those are typically the herbs that you should do some more work with to see if they suit you!

Before you try any of these herbs, have a word with your doctor, dietitian or nutritionist. You can also speak to our Coaches and Experts by subscribing for GOQii’s Personalised Health Coaching here.

For more articles on sleep and sleep tips, check out Healthy Reads.

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From Terminal Illness To Complete Wellness! Ananda Mukherjee Health Story

As we observe World Cancer Day under the powerful theme ‘United by Unique’ (2025-2027)**, we are reminded that every individual’s journey with cancer is distinct, yet united by shared resilience, hope, and the collective fight against this disease. This theme places people at the centre of care and their stories at the heart of the […]