Diabetes Archives - Page 8 of 8

November 14, 2016 By Dr Ashwin Nanda 2 Comments

DECODING DIABETES

Last month, I had 2 patients on the same day diagnosed with Diabetes- one an overweight 34 year old IT professional and the other a 6-year-old girl. The reason, why this incident comes to my mind today is because they were both diabetics but, had different diabetes and even their course of treatments was different.

But, the first question I was asked in both the cases was whether they will need to be put on insulin injections immediately. Well, this is a common question asked by patients. To understand this condition better, let me try and explain a bit about the different types of diabetes on the basis of which the required treatment is normally recommended.

Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin or both. Common symptoms of either diabetes are unexplained weight loss, excess hunger, and excess thirst and delayed wound healing.

Today, I would like to take you through specifically 3 major types of diabetes namely, Type 1, Type 2 and gestational Diabetes.

Let’s talk about

Type 1 Diabetes: is caused by a loss or malfunction of the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, called beta cells. Damage to beta cells results in absence or insufficient production of insulin. Most cases of Type 1 Diabetes have an autoimmune basis in which immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys its own beta cells. These cases are detected either in childhood or teenage years. There are many theories about what causes type 1 diabetes like autoimmune disease, viral infection, genetic predisposition and environmental factors may also play a role.

Whatever be the cause, this missing insulin has to be replaced as insulin is necessary to sustain life. It is responsible for entry of glucose into the body cells from where the glucose is further utilized for energy and other activities. This glucose which is not entering the cells is circulating in the blood which gets detected as high blood sugar. The replacement insulin is administered by injection using a syringe or an insulin pump. Thanks to the invention of Insulin clubbed with a healthy lifestyle, a Type 1 diabetic is able to lead a happy good quality life.

Coming to Type 2 diabetes most often than not your tissues will be resistant to insulin, so the insulin is being produced but unfortunately not being utilized properly. It is the most common form of diabetes worldwide and accounts for 90-95% of the cases.

Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes means the signal insulin gives to a cell is weakened. This results in less glucose uptake by muscle and fat cells and a reduction in insulin mediated activities inside cells.

Risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes include an Unhealthy Lifestyle (being physically inactive or less active, erratic food and sleep habits, stress), being overweight or obese and importantly family history of diabetes in close relatives.

We have ample medicine combinations for type 2 diabetes like tablets which keep the blood sugar under control. But if sufficient sugar control is not achieved in spite of oral medications and a healthy lifestyle, then insulin might be required for further management.

Another type of Diabetes I would like to talk about is Gestational diabetes which basically refers to diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy.

Pregnancy hormones can interfere with the way insulin works in the mother’s body which can lead to elevated blood glucose levels during pregnancy. Women are typically screened for gestational diabetes at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy, however, women who have risk factors may be screened earlier.

Risk factors for developing gestational diabetes include having a family history of diabetes, being overweight, or over 28 years old. Blood glucose control during pregnancy is critical as elevated maternal glucose levels can lead to pregnancy complications and pose risks to the health of the baby. Gestational diabetes is likely to recur during subsequent pregnancies.

Gestational diabetes requires specialized treatment for the rest of the pregnancy. After the pregnancy is over, most women will have normal blood sugars again; however, up to 20-50 % can develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years. Regular screening is recommended.

A study conducted on people at risk of type 2 diabetes, it was seen that those who lost just 7% of their weight and exercised about 30 minutes a day cut their risk of diabetes by nearly 60%. In a nutshell, irrespective of the type of diabetes the best prevention or diabetes management strategy is to eat healthy, stay active and keep a check on your weight.

Reference: University of California, San Francisco – Diabetes online Education website.

November 10, 2016 By Farida Gohil 1 Comment

Whole Grains slash Pre-Diabetes Risk!

Whole grains are packed with nutrients, including protein, fiber, B vitamins, anti-oxidants, and trace minerals (iron, zinc, copper, and magnesium). A diet rich in whole grains has been shown to reduce the risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and some forms of cancer.

The addition of more whole grains into a healthy diet is associated with a decreased risk of deteriorating glucose tolerance, including progression from normal glucose tolerance to pre-diabetes, according to a new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

According to a research paper titled Food Product Design, dated Dec 26, 2012 published in Health and Nutrition, researchers at Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital investigated whether a higher intake of whole grains protects against the development of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes and tested for modulation by polymorphisms of the TCF7L2 gene. Participants included 5,477 Stockholm residents aged 35 to 56 years who were not diagnosed with diabetes and who kept food journals of how much whole and refined grains they consumed. Researchers measured blood glucose in study participants and followed up 10 years later.

Participants who ate 59 grams of whole grains a day had a 34% lower risk to deteriorate in glucose tolerance compared to those who ate 30 grams of whole grains a day. Risk reduction was significant in men, but not in women. Participants who consumed 59 grams of whole grains a day also had a 27% reduced risk of becoming pre-diabetic.

Whole grains are rich in fibre. Fibre in the diet does not allow the blood glucose levels to rise thereby controls the rise in sugar levels in the body. Fibre also helps in lowering cholesterol as it helps in decreasing the low density lipoprotein whch is bad cholesterol and increases high density lipoprotein which is good cholesterol.

What foods are in the grains group?

Any food made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, barley or another cereal grain is a grain product. Bread, pasta, oatmeal, breakfast cereals, tortillas, and grits are examples of grain products.

It is advised that at least half the grains in your diet should be whole grains. Whole-grain versions of rice, bread, cereal, flour and pasta can be found at most grocery stores. Many whole-grain foods come ready to eat. These include a variety of breads, pastas and cereals.

Examples of whole grains include:

Barley
Brown rice
Buckwheat
Bulgur (cracked wheat)
Millet
Oatmeal
Popcorn
Whole-wheat bread, pasta or crackers
Wild rice

It’s not always easy to tell what kind of grains a product has, especially bread. For instance, a brown bread isn’t necessarily whole wheat — the colour may come from added colouring. If you’re not sure something has whole grains, check the product label or the Nutrition Facts panel. Look for the word “whole” on the package, and make sure whole grains appear among the first items in the ingredient list.

April 7, 2016 By GOQii Editor 4 Comments

India becoming a ‘Sweet Nation’: Let’s beat Diabetes

India is becoming a sweeter nation by the day. Wondering what I mean by a sweeter nation. Today , on this day of World Diabetes day we would like to take you through some facts about diabetes. According to the World Health Organisation, India has been declared as the Diabetic capital of the world.

The statistics are alarming. In 2000 there were 32 million diabetics in India, in 2013, the figure doubled to 63 million and by 2030 it has been projected to touch 101.2 million. India ranks second, between China with 90 million and the USA with 24 million diabetics. The factors largely driving this dramatic rise include overweight and obesity. The annual spend on diabetes is Rs 1.5 lakh crore, 4 times the central Government’s allocation of Rs 32000 crore.

The Prime Minster of India Narendra Modi on World health day said on twitter that a healthy lifestyle is a key to overcoming diabetes. “Our lifestyle is the biggest cause for diabetes. If every citizen of my country is healthy, then my country will be healthy. I call upon you to defeat diabetes, which plays host to so many diseases,” said Modi in his message to Indians on World health day.

Some Facts

422 Million adults globally suffer from diabetes
5 million deaths are directly attributed to diabetes each year
1 in 3 adults aged over 18 years is overweight and 1 in 10 is obese

Source: WHO

Diabetes can be controlled however with exercise. Here are some excerpts from a blog written by one of the GOQii coaches Disti Shah. According to Disti, the facts and myths about diabetes are plenty especially on the kind of foods one should have or not have, whether one should exercise to control diabetes etc. But diet is not all that one needs to focus on. Exercise is equally important.

However, when diabetes exercises one should keep in mind the following at what sugar levels should we allow or not allow a diabetic person to exercise? What should be the intensity and frequency of exercise and What type of exercise should a Diabetic do?

Here are some information on about how regular exercise can control your Diabetes.

How does Exercise Help in Diabetes?

Lowers blood sugar levels.
Helps you feel better.
Help maintain proper body weight.
Help keep the heart rate and blood pressure lower.
Helps keep blood fats levels normal.
Improves insulin sensitivity.
Help maintain normal blood circulation in the feet.

Now that we know seven of the many reasons why exercise is important for a person with diabetes, let’s know which exercise benefits diabetics.

Which kinds of Exercise are Best?

Expert agrees you need either

30 minutes of “moderate intensity” aerobic activity – 5 days a week.
“Vigorous intense” aerobic activity 20 minutes or more a day – 3-5 days a week.

In addition, you should add flexibility and strength training to your routine.

Flexibility activities 5-7 days a week.
Strength training 8-10 exercise, 10-15 repetitions of each exercise, 2-3 days a week.

Calories Per hour and the types of moderate and vigorous exercises

Moderate physical activity for one hour	Calorie burnt per hour
Hiking	370
Light gardening / Yard work	330
Dancing	330
Golf(walking and carrying clubs)	330
Bicycling (<10mph)	290
Walking (3.5mph)	280
Weight lifting (light workout)	220
Stretching	180

Vigorous physical activity for one hour
Running / Jogging (5mph)	590
Bicycling (>10mph)	590
Swimming (Slow freestyle laps)	510
Aerobics	480
Walking (4-5 mph)	460
Heavy Yard work (chopping wood)	440
Weight lifting (vigorous effort)	440
Basket ball (vigorous)	440

Source – Dietary guidelines for Americans – 2005 *(These values are not specifically for Indians as they are taken from American journals)

Remember that Diabetes cannot take your hope, faith, attitude, courage, happiness, and happy life away from you. We are the author of our own health and disease. Let’s overcome it, no matter what type or what level of disease it is. Let’s help others and ourselves to be active most of the time. Exercise can permanently remove or reduce medication.

To read it at length go to http://goqii.com/blog/regular-exercise-can-control-diabetes/

October 13, 2014 By SANA SHAIKH Leave a Comment

Control Diabetes with Lente Carbohydrates

Diabetes has become a common ailment today. There are more people being detected with diabetes than ever before.

Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by increased sugar levels (hyperglycemia) resulting from relative/absolute deficiency of insulin or impaired action on target tissue or both. The chronic nature of diabetes is associated with long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs. Hence, effective self- diabetes control is essential.

Along with the use of appropriate medication/insulin as required, a diabetic should also pay attention on to his/her dietary pattern. Few measures well taken could prove beneficial for their sugar and insulin levels.

The primary concern for a diabetic is the intake of carbohydrates because the body uses them as the primary source of energy. Simple or easily digestible carbohydrate foods like refined flour products, juices, sugar should be limited/ avoided within the diet, since they tend to increase the post- prandial levels.

Hence, intake of lente carbohydrate should be included within the diet apart from complex carbohydrates. Lente carbohydrates are slowly absorbed within the body, due to the presence of high amounts of viscous fiber within them, thereby delaying gastric emptying time. They also reduce the glycemic response of a meal.

Slow absorption has been shown to have beneficial effects such as improved insulin sensitivity (i.e. easy acceptance of insulin by the target cells within the body), thereby lowering the insulin requirements; decreased LDL/ Bad cholesterol, decreased clotting factors leading to reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD’s).

Lente carbohydrates are readily available in the foods such as legumes (viz lentils,Split grams, Kidney beans, green peas etc. ) soaked pulses, cereal oat bran & barley; most of them being a part of the staple diet.

Thus, lente carbohydrates would not only help in maximizing diabetes control but also provides preventive measures against CVD’s…