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All you need to know about Vitamin K

Vitamin-k-foods

Most of us are aware of Vitamin A, B, C, D and E. But do you know there is Vitamin K as well?  Yes there is Vitamin K which is an essential vitamin for our body.

Vitamin K is a fat soluble Vitamin is founded by Henrick Dam in 1934. It is also referred as antihemorrhagic factor or coagulation vitamin which has been derived from the Danish word Koagulations.

It is available in two forms

Vitamin K1, also known as phylloquinone, phytomenadione, or phytonadione. It is largely found in green leafy vegetables.

Vitamin K2 is known as menaquinones and is mainly found in the bacteria of colon (Large intestine).

FUNCTIONS

  1. It helps in maintaining bone matrix (bone mineralization)
  2. It helps in cellular growth
  3. It acts as a co factor for enzyme that validates protein to bind calcium
  4. It is important for normal clotting of blood
  5. It helps in synthesis of protein in plasma, bone and kidney
  6. It reduces the risk of cardio vascular diseases
  7. It lowers down the risk of type 2 diabetes
  8. It helps in the maintaining the bone health
  9. Ministry of Japan used it in treating osteoporosis
  10. It lowers the risk of liver cancer
  11. It diminishes the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
  12. It is used in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
  13. It’s antidote treatment of poisoning byrodenticide

Daily Dietary Recommendations

Infants

  • 0-6 months: 2 mcg
  • 6-12 months: 2.5 mcg

Toddlers 

  • 1-3 years: 30 mcg
  • 4-8 years: 55 mcg
  • 9-12 years: 60 mcg 

Teenagers

  • 13 years: 60 mcg
  • 14-18 years: 75 mcg

Adults

  • 19+ years, Female: 90 mcg
  • 19+ years, Male: 120 mcg

Pregnacy and lactation

  • Pregnant or lactating women, 14-18 years: 75 mcg
  • Pregnant or lactating women, 19+ years: 90 mcg 

Food sources for K1

Spinach, alfalfa, cabbage, kale, mustard leaves, collard greens, lettuce, Brussels greens, turnip greens, broccoli, parsley

Food sources for K2

Egg yolk, egg white, chicken, cheddar cheese, salmon, goose liver, bacon

Necessary as supplements for

1.   It is rare in adults but common in new born

2.   People suffering from

a.  Crohn’s disease

b.   Celiac disease

c.   Malnutrition

d.  Gall bladder diseases

e.  Cystic fibrosis

f.   Burn patients

g.  On hemodialysis

3.   People who are alcoholic.

4.   People on thinners

a.  Warfarin (Coumadin)

5.  People on drug (antibiotics) that interferes with vitamin K metabolism

a.   Cefamandole (Mandol)

b.  Cefoperazone (Cefobid)

c.  Cefmetazole (Zefazone)

d.  Cefotetan (Cefotan)

6. People on anticonvulsants

a. Phenytoin (Dilantin)

7. People on cholesterol lowering medications

a. Cholestyramine (Questran)

b. Colestipol (Colestid)

c. Colsevelam (Welchol)

Deficiencies & Toxicity

The deficiency of Vitamin K results in hemorrhage and lowering of blood clotting process. Whereas, steatorrhea may occur in the case of Vitamin K toxicity, though very rare.

Understanding the importance of Vitamin K in maintaining bone health, supporting blood clotting, and reducing the risk of various diseases is crucial for overall wellness. Incorporate Vitamin K-rich foods into your diet and consult with certified expert by subscribing to GOQii’s Personalised Health Coaching here, to ensure optimal levels of this essential nutrient.

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Vitamin B12: The Energy Nutrient many of you should be thinking about!

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As a medical practitioner, I am appalled by the number of patients suffering from B12 deficiency. Patients complain about fatigue, vague pains, tingling, numbness, loss of concentration. Many tests are conducted with no results and the one missed is the test for vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is the only vitamin that contains a trace element – cobalt – which gives this vitamin its chemical name – cobalamin – which is at the centre of its molecular structure.

B12 is required

  • For the manufacture of red blood cells; deficiency leads to a characteristic kind of anemia
  • To support the normal function of nerve cells, and to manufacture myelin, the insulating material that surrounds some of our nerve cells and speeds neural transmission. B12 deficiency impairs brain function. Advanced B12 deficiency causes dementia resembling Alzheimer’s.
  • The deficiency leads to difficulty in regeneration of new healthy cells- mimics all of the effects of aging.
  • B12 is involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especially affecting DNA synthesis, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.

Vitamin B12 is produced by some species of bacteria in colon. The colon is followed by the small intestine & is a part of large intestine and hence the B12 produced there is not absorbed which results in the need of supplementation.

Who should be concerned about B12 deficiency?

  1. If you are or were a vegetarians / a vegan – get yourself tested
  2. Babies born to mothers who are vegetarians
  3. Risk of B12 deficiency increases with age. So test yourself and fortify your meals
  4. Pernicious anaemia – is an autoimmune condition that affects your stomach. In your stomach, Vitamin B12 is combined with a protein called intrinsic factor. This mix of Vitamin B12 and intrinsic factor is then absorbed into the body in part of the gut called the distal ileum. Pernicious anaemia causes your immune system to attack the cells in your stomach that produce the intrinsic factor, which means your body is unable to absorb Vitamin B12.
  5. Conditions affecting your intestines – E.g. Crohn’s disease (a long-term condition that causes inflammation of the lining of the digestive system)
  6. Some types of medicine – E.g. proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) –a medication sometimes used to treat indigestion – can make a Vitamin B12 deficiency worse.
  7. People suffering from Atrophic Gastritis (the stomach line becomes thin)
  8. Surgery where a part of the stomach is removed, including weight loss surgery like bariatric surgery.
  9. Smoking, drinking & stress increases the requirement of B12
  10. Few autoimmune disorders
  11. Chronic illnesses leads to a deficiency of this diseases

Move towards a B12 rich diet if you have the following symptoms

  • Weakness, tiredness, dizziness or lightheadedness
  • Smooth tongue
  • Palpitations and dyspnea
  • Pale skin
  • Constipation, diarrhea, a loss of appetite, or dyspepsia
  • Nerve problems – numbness or tingling, muscle weakness,
  • Loss of weight
  • Mental problems – memory loss, or behavioral changes, confusions
  • Glove & stocking neuropathy (tingling of palms & forearms, feet till knees) – in this scenario B12 deficiency is the majorly deficient apart from other nutrients

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Sources of B12

Sources of B12 are animal products (meat, fish, and dairy products), fortified foods. Ensure sufficient quantities of these foods to maintain your B12 levels. If your count is low, consider oral or injectable forms of the vitamin. But why reach that stage?

Have the above mentioned foods in your routine.  The best part of this Energy Nutrient is that the excess is excreted by the body or stored in the liver for use when supplies are scarce. Stores of B12 can last for up to a year. Unfortunately sometimes catching the B12 deficiency late can result in permanent damage. Any neurological damage due to B12 deficiency cannot be reversed. Ensure that your B12 levels are maintained at levels 200 to 900 picograms per milliliter (pg/mL).

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10 tips to retain nutrients while cooking

Young lady chopping vegetables

We try different methods of cooking- boiling, sauteing, frying, grilling etc. Everyone has their own unique way of preparing a particular dish. Isn’t it? We never realize why one is following particular steps for cooking as compared to the other. Ever thought about nutrient losses that might be occurring while cooking?

I thought of writing this blog as I have seen my “cook” cooking in some different ways wherein you will end up losing all nutrients. I am sure many of us might be doing the same unknowingly.

Here are 10 simple tips which will help you retain nutrients while cooking. So that you can ensure highly nutritious food being served to your loved ones.

  1. When peeling the skin of vegetables do peel as thinly as possible. The nutrients in vegetables and fruits are concentrated just below the skin, so peeling before boiling increases the loss of Vitamin C, Folic Acid and other B vitamins. The peels of carrot, radish, gourd and ginger can be scraped instead of peeling. Peel only when absolutely necessary.
  2. Do not cut vegetables into very small cubes as the surface area of vegetable increases that comes in contact with oxygen, destroying more
  3. Don’t soak vegetables in water to prevent discoloration-Almost 40% of water-soluble vitamins and minerals are lost in the water. If you must soak, use up the soaking water to knead the dough, prepare soups and gravies
  4. Salads should be prepared just before serving and should be served in closed dishes to avoid excessive exposure to air.
  5. Do not throw away the excess water drained after boiling rice or vegetables. When preparing cottage cheese, the water left over after curdling (called whey)-is extremely rich in good quality proteins and vitamins and should be used up in preparing gravies, kneading dough or simply had as a refreshing drink after flavouring with lemon juice, salt and pepper.
  6. Do not keep milk open or exposed to light, as a considerable destruction of riboflavin can occur.
  7. It is preferable to cook vegetables in a minimum amount of water keeping the vessel covered and to consume it as soon as possible. Reheating cooked vegetables further destroys vitamins.
  8. Root vegetables should be boiled with skins on and then peeled after boiling. This helps the nutrients to migrate to the centre of the vegetables, helping better retention of its nutrients. Do eat with skin on whenever possible.
  9. Baking soda makes cooking water alkaline and thus helps retain the colour of vegetables as well as speed up the cooking process, BUT it destroys thiamine and vitamin C.
  10. Deep frying and heating for a long time or heating at a high temperature should be avoided during cooking. If food material is heated above 700 C for a long duration, proteins become hard and coagulated. In this form, they are not easily absorbed by the body. Thus, overcooking results in loss of precious nutrients.

Do ensure you try these tips and make your food nutritious. Since Healthy food = Healthy you. These insightful cooking tips empower you to create meals that are not only delicious but also rich in essential nutrients. By adopting a mindful approach to cooking, you can preserve the goodness in every bite, contributing to a healthier and more balanced life. Share your thoughts in the comments below, and find more articles on Nutrition here. For further information or guidance, reach out to our certified experts by subscribing to GOQii’s Personalised Health Coaching here.

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All About Cooking In Clay Pots

clay pots

As we are becoming more and more health conscious, trying to eat healthier meals, we cannot overlook the cookware used to prepare those meals. The vessels we choose have a great impact on the taste, quality and nutritional value of food. While Researching about which cookware is the best for our health, I always noticed that clay pots are on top of the list but I was never sure if I can really cook my regular food in them. A few weeks back, after a lot of research on how we can use them for regular cooking, I gave it a try and bought one home. Now I can confidently say that everyone should give them a try. In fact, I am planning to buy some more as I find more space in my kitchen to keep them safely. Before you get convinced by my experience, let’s understand why you should be switching to clay pots.

Benefits Of Using Clay Pots 

  • They infuse your food with calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, sulphur and many other minerals depending on the composition of clay used in making these pots.
  • Help in restoring pH balance of food as clay is alkaline in nature.
  • Lends a nice earthy aroma and enhances the flavor of your food which metal pans usually destroy. 
  • Preparing food in clay pots requires slow cooking which helps retain maximum nutrition.
  • Less oil is required while cooking in clay pots as the porous nature of clay pots allows heat and moisture to circulate evenly.
  • Prevents us from harmful chemicals and metals that leach into our food while cooking in metals like aluminium and non-stick cookware. 
  • They are pocket friendly and available in different sizes and shapes.
  • Environmentally friendly and completely biodegradable.

How To Choose Them 

Clay pots are available in glazed and unglazed form. Both have their own set of advantages. 

Glazed ones are ready to use, have a shiny appearance and are easy to clean. These encourage good steam circulation due to low ability to absorb water. But sometimes, their glaze could be of low quality that may contain harmful chemicals. On the other hand, unglazed pots need a little bit more care being more porous, but have better ability to balance the pH of food.

How To Use Clay Cookware 

  1. Clay cookware needs to be prepared prior to first use by immersing them in water for 24 hours or at least overnight.
  2. Next day, scrub and rinse it and let it dry. Then you need to soak it in starch water/rice, cooked water/rice soaked water for one more day.
  3. Wash it again and dry it under the sun. After drying, wipe it with any vegetable oil and dry it under the sun till the oil is absorbed by the pot. 
  4. Your clay pots are ready to use now.
  5. Though this preparation process seems long but ensures a long life to your clay pots.

How To Maintain Clay Pots 

Some points are needed to be kept in mind while using clay pots in your daily routine.

  • Never keep hot clay pots on a cold surface or put cold water in a hot pot. This temperature shock may cause cracks.
  • You may not want to clean them with soap as it will enter into small pores of the pots which can mix into food while cooking. Use ash, baking soda and salt, rice flour or gram flour to clean these pots.
  • These pots work well on a regular gas stove, but never heat empty pot on very high flame. During cooking, it is advisable to keep the flame medium to low.

If you haven’t got a hold of clay pots yet, I suggest getting one and experiencing the goodness and flavor in food that usual cookwares lack. I hope this article helps you if you plan on using one. Do leave your thoughts and queries in the comments below! 

For more useful information, check out Healthy Reads or reach out to our certified experts by subscribing to GOQii’s Personalised Health Coaching here.

 

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