Strength training is essential for everyone, serving not just to enhance muscle strength but also to bolster overall health regardless of age. Whether you are 25 or 65, incorporating some form of strength training into your daily routine is beneficial, though the specifics of the exercises may vary depending on one’s age group.
In this blog post, I will discuss the changes that begin to occur in our bodies as we enter our thirties and forties—changes that are often less than welcome. More importantly, I’ll explore how strength training plays a crucial role in counteracting these changes and significantly enhancing the quality of our lives.
I have experienced the positive changes, that my body has undergone over the last 4-5 years, just by incorporating a strength training routine in the form of workouts with weights, and using my own body weight, as I do in my yoga practice. One can even use resistance bands, the various gym equipment, or own body weight for resistance, by doing push-ups, pull-ups, crunches, leg squats or push-ups against a wall etc.
What Happens As We Age?
The human body goes through changes as we age, and some of the effects are obvious, as we cross middle age. Even healthy, normal ageing includes:
- A Slower metabolism
- Decreased muscle mass and strength
- Increased body fat
- Reduced bone density
- Increased bone porosity
- Stiff joints
- Slower reflexes and reaction times
- Decreased aerobic capacity
These are normal changes that we may experience as we age, though the severity varies from person to person. One of the most important reasons to exercise, and specifically include strength training, is to slow and minimize these changes.
Benefits of Strength Training
1. Increases Muscle Mass
As you age, muscle mass gradually decreases – a condition known as Sarcopenia. Individuals who are less active can expect to lose between 3% to 5% of their muscle mass each decade after turning 30, with this rate accelerating after age 65. By age of 70, the average adult may have lost up to 25% of their muscle mass primarily due to disuse and inactivity. However, this loss isn’t irreversible. Engaging in any form of exercise can help regain muscle mass and strength, but weight lifting, strength training, and resistance training are particularly effective. Research shows that after just six months of strength training twice a week, the biochemical, physiological, and genetic characteristics of older muscles can be rejuvenated by nearly 15 to 20 years.
2. Improves Bone Health
Bone fractures and breaks are quite prevalent among older adults due to decreased bone density and osteoporosis. While there are various causes of osteoporosis that may require medical intervention, substantial evidence suggests that exercise can significantly enhance bone density. Moreover, osteoporosis can be both prevented and managed through strength training. Just as muscles grow stronger with activity, bones also gain strength when engaged in physical exercise. Weight-bearing exercises, in particular, bolster bone health by stimulating the production of new cells.
3. Improves Functional Ability/Movement
Increasing strength through training is crucial for enhancing everyday functionality. Regular strength training enables older adults to enhance their mobility, walk longer distances, and potentially decrease their reliance on assistive devices such as canes and walkers.
Additionally, building strength supports a variety of functional movements, including walking, sitting down and standing up from chairs or beds, climbing stairs or escalators, and carrying groceries. These improvements in physical capabilities make daily life more manageable and empower individuals to engage in a wider range of activities that they desire to pursue.
4. Increases Metabolism
Strength training is highly effective for enhancing your metabolism, which is the rate at which your body burns calories while at rest. Engaging in strength training causes your body to require more energy based on the intensity of the exercise. This not only leads to calories being burned during the workout but also increases calorie burn after the workout as your body returns to a resting state. Additionally, hormones like Testosterone and DHEA, which are vital for strength and energy, naturally decrease with age. However, regular strength training can significantly boost these hormone levels within 8-12 weeks.
5. Improves Brain Health
Aging can increase the risk of loneliness, social isolation, depression, and other mental health challenges. However, building strength enhances mobility and functionality, which can significantly improve overall health, elevate mood, and enhance the quality of life. Additionally, resistance training has been shown to slow cognitive decline associated with aging. Studies indicate that lifting weights can improve memory, attention span, and conflict resolution skills.
6. Improves Health Conditions
Type 2 Diabetes: Strength training effectively lowers blood sugar levels and enhances insulin sensitivity. This improvement helps facilitate the transport of blood sugar into cells, thereby optimizing how the body utilizes glucose.
Cardiovascular Health: When properly executed, strength training benefits both the muscular and cardiovascular systems. Strengthened muscles reduce the workload on the heart, enabling the lungs to process oxygen more efficiently with less effort. This efficiency leads to the heart pumping more blood with fewer beats, which in turn increases the blood supply to the muscles.
How Often Should You Do It?
It is recommended to engage in strength training three to five times per week for 20 to 30 minutes at a moderate intensity or two to three times per week for 15 to 20 minutes at a high intensity. However, always consult your doctor before starting any workout regimen, particularly if you have any pre-existing medical conditions, and seek professional guidance to ensure the correct technique. This helps in preventing injuries and maximizing the benefits of your workouts, especially when focusing on larger muscle groups which offer greater returns.
Let’s move beyond using age as an excuse and start prioritizing muscle health to enhance both our physical health and psychological well-being!
We hope this article helps you care for your muscles a little more and helps you improve your physical and psychological well-being as well. If you’re about to begin your strength training routine or need help, speak to a certified expert by subscribing to GOQii’s Personalised Health Coaching here.
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