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Know about your gut health! –Part 1

Gut health word cloud on a white background.

                                                        “All diseases begin in your gut”-Hippocrates

Why is it that we pay attention towards our digestion only when something goes wrong? Oxford dictionary defines,‘digestion’ as the person’s ability to digest the food. There is a whole physiology behind how the digestion takes place?  But, what is more, important is, maintaining a good digestive health!

          Have you heard about probiotics and prebiotics?

Probiotics are live bacteria which are good for health! I recently had a query where a person asked me bacteria is supposed to be harmful then how is it that you term this as good for health?   This is when I started researching the world of bacteria to understand more and also be able to make others understand the goodness of bacteria.

Whenever you have stomach upset, curd rice is something which is always preferred. Curd rice is old-time grandma’s remedy. Have you ever wondered why curd is recommended? Well, curd has live bacteria which helps in settling your gut which helps in improving the stomach upset!

There are different types of microbes which work in different ways, some are good for the gut and some are not. These microbes together are termed as MICROBIOME.

Now let’s get into the depth of the topic!

Microbes are brilliant chemists which take up a small thing from our body and convert them into chemicals which are sometimes used for our body and sometimes they are not.

Gut-Bacteria

 Healthy and unhealthy microbes

Healthy Microbes:

        1. Firmicutes

         * Firmicutes are microbes which are used in the fermentation of beer and wine.

* Firmicutes help in clearing up the toxic wastes

* These microbes are found in your gut and its main function in the gut is to help in digestion of fats in your diet.

  1. Bacteroidetes
  • Bacteroidetes helps in maintaining the lean body and helps in reducing the inflammation in the gut.
  • They help in regulating immune responses which protects you against the autoimmune diseases (Autoimmune means body starts attacking its own cells)
  • Bacteroidetes helps in breaking down of undigested fibre which we obtain from vegetables.
  1. Akkermansia
  • Akkermansia is a rare type of microbes found in the gut,
  • They don’t live on food remains.
  • They live on mucus which is a slimy substance that is secreted by the gut lining to protect itself.
  • It helps in reducing inflammation, so the count of akkermansia should be higher in your gut.
  1. Christensenella

      *  This bacteria is inherited from your mother.

  • This bacteria helps in keeping your body lean in spite of poor diets.
  1. Lactobacillus

 This bacteria helps in lining your intestine to protect against harmful microbes.

  • It also helps in protecting the intestine from a fungal infection, heard about candida albicans?
  • Lactobacillus works like a pesticide on these pathogens.
  • Lactobacillus count in your gut will go down if you are on antibiotics which is why I always prescribe probiotics and prebiotics with lactobacillus with an antibiotic course.
  • It is a very popular probiotic!
  1. Bifidobacterium 
  • Bifidobacterium helps in breaking down the indigestible fibre in the body and also protects your intestines against harmful microbes.
  • This bacteria is inherited in you from your mother’s breast milk.
  • It is a very popular probiotic!

Unhealthy Microbes:

As I had mentioned earlier, if there are some microbes which can help in maintaining the gut health then there are many microbes which help in creating gut problems!

Let’s talk about the unhealthiest microbes:

  1. Campylobacter
  • Campylobacter is a very common cause of food poisoning with symptoms of abdominal pain, severe diarrhoea, and vomiting.
  • Campylobacter is strong enough to be one of the reasons for miscarriage in women.
  • This harmful bacteria is found in raw chicken available in the supermarkets.
  • The most common mistake we do is washing the chicken thoroughly before cooking it. This makes the bacteria spread everywhere. The best technique is to rinse it with water from the top and cook it properly.
  1. E. coli
  • Not every E.coli is harmful but there are some strains which can cause severe anaemia. They are also one of the leading causes of UTI (Urinary Tract Infections)
  • coli in the gut mostly comes from uncooked meat. Catching it up from a raw milk is also quite common.
  1. Salmonella
  • Another common cause of food poisoning induced diarrhoea and stomach cramps are salmonella.
  • You will start getting the symptoms within 72 hours after swallowing this unhealthy bacteria and it can last up to a week.
  • Sometimes the food poisoning gets critical and hospitalization is required to recover from extreme dehydration caused by diarrhoea.
  • I am sure you must have heard about Salmonella typhi which causes typhoid which can be fatal if left untreated.
  1. Clostridium difficile

 This bacteria is always found in abundance in your gut lining which causes minor infections. If these minor infections flare up and start to give you symptoms, your doctor will give you a list of antibiotics to get rid of it. Because your healthy microbiome cannot cope up with those antibiotics, they are swiped out of the body which gives a chance to Clostridium difficile to capture all the gut space.

  • Clostridium difficile is a very antibiotic resistant bacteria so it’s not very easy for antibiotics to swipe this off.
  • Symptoms like watery stools, fever, and abdominal pain are common because of C.difficile flaring up.

Functions of healthy microbiome :

  • It helps in regulating your body weight. Microbes can actually decide how much energy your body extracts from different types of food you eat. If you are unable to lose weight, one of the main reasons could be unhealthy microbiome.
  • The microbiome helps in regulating your immune system. There was a research which proved that healthy microbiome helps in reducing the occurrence of cold and cough episodes. It also helps in reducing the inflammation of the body.
  • The microbiome helps in taking the bits of food which our body cannot digest and it actually converts them in hormone and chemicals.

How to make your healthy microbiome diverse in your body?

  • Please avoid antibiotics as much as you can because a week of antibiotic course can destroy your healthy microbiome for 3 weeks.
  • Increase your outdoor activities, try to open your house windows. It helps in increasing the diversity of healthy microbes
  • Include different types of seasonal fruits and vegetables in the diet.
  • Try to connect with nature whenever you can. Put your hands into the soil. This connects your body to healthy microbiomes.
  • Include foods rich in different healthy microbiomes as mentioned above.

Foods that nourish your gut:

  (1). Olive oil

  • Healthiest fats.
  • Rich in polyphenols and antioxidants which helps in reducing the inflammation.
  • Extra virgin olive oil is good to try!

   (2)  Oily fish

  • Rich in good fats, omega 3
  • Anti-inflammatory benefits
  • Fish oil capsules available in the market are not as good as eating fish because of the poor quality. It might not give you the same effect as oily fish.

   (3) Cocoa

  • Excellent source of flavonoids and polyphenols which helps in increasing the population of healthy gut bacteria!
  • It’s good for your cardiovascular system.
  • Always go for raw cocoa powder.

  (4) Wine

  • Polyphenols are chemicals which are found in tea, coffee, wine, fruits, vegetables and dark chocolates. When you eat any of these foods, half of it passes through the small intestine to the large intestine where it is extremely beneficial to increase the population of healthy microbes.
  • Red wine helps in reducing the inflammation in your body.

PS: I normally get this question that how do you know about inflammation in your body? Well, there is a blood test which is most commonly done called as CRP- C reactive protein which gives you an idea of the levels of inflammation in your body. Research has shown that consumption of anti-inflammatory foods reduces inflammation by 45% in the body.

(5) Turmeric

  • Turmeric is a gut-friendly spice. There are other herbs and spices like thyme, oregano, basil, ginger, cumin which are having anti-inflammatory benefits but turmeric works in increasing the population of healthy microbes,
  • The best way to consume turmeric for gut health is 1 tsp of turmeric with ½ tsp of honey in 150 ml of lukewarm water before bed.
  • An active component of curcumin is also available in capsule form but make sure about the quality of curcumin used to prepare the product is genuine.

 Foods to avoid for better gut health:

 Sugar

  • Sugar is cheap which has an excellent addictive effect.
  • It increases the cravings for particular food which encourages the growth of unhealthy microbes in the guts. All these unhealthy microbes need more sugar to survive which increases the population of unhealthy microbes in the gut and decreases healthy microbes!

    (2) Artificial sweeteners

  • They have a huge impact on your body, especially on your gut. It depletes the population of akkermansia (The healthy microbe which I have mentioned above!).
  • Addition of probiotics with artificial sweeteners might not give the required effect!

    (3) Monosodium glutamate (MSG)

  • MSG or monosodium glutamate works as a leptin blocker. Leptin is a hormone which tells your brain “I am full”. That’s how you crave more foods which have MSG!

My next upcoming article will cover different probiotic and prebiotic sources, how to choose your probiotics and gut-friendly recipes!

To be continued……..

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Eating healthy during Ramadan fasting

Eating healthy during Ramadan fasting
Who says you cannot be healthy if you’re fasting for an entire month?

You can eat healthily and feel good during an entire month of fasting provided you follow the right methods. The Holy month of Ramadan has begun this week and I have been fasting regularly for over two decades during Ramadan.

Considering the heat wave that is still on in the city with no rains as yet, one has to be extra careful and prepared about what to eat during the non-fasting period, so that you can maintain your health, fitness, endurance and flexibility during the entire month.

Fasting during the month of Ramadan or any other religious months/period can be good for your health if it’s done correctly. All changes happen in the body system during fasting (starvation). Stored nutrients, especially muscle proteins are broken down to provide fuel to our body. Fasting diet lacks in macronutrients like carbohydrates and fats which leads to weakness. In order to avoid this having healthy options of food during fasting is very important.

A person who is fasting needs good and nutrient-rich food which will help to maintain the energy levels in our body on a day to day basis.

Here are few tips for healthy eating options while Ramadan or any other holy fasting period.

Go with Natural food, Not Junk or Processed Foods:

Well, in today’s time processed foods might come across as a very convenient option, but they’re usually filled with unhealthy things like high-fructose corn syrup that leads to overconsumption. Secondly, contains a lot of artificial Ingredients. Most processed foods are Low in Nutrients.

It requires less energy and time to digest processed foods. Processed foods contain MSG (Monosodium glutamate – to enhance flavour), it also contains lots of sodium and typically all the wrong heart-clogging oils. Therefore it is always good to go with natural food available if possible go with homemade food.

Don’t break your fast with a feast:

Be Careful. If you are not careful, the food eaten during the pre-dawn and dusk meals can cause some adverse effects. Those observing the fast in Ramadan month should have at least two meals a day, the pre-dawn meal (Suhoor) and a meal at dusk (Iftar).

The way to approach your diet during fasting is similar to the way you should be eating outside of the Ramadan month. It should contain foods from all the major food groups:

– Fruit and vegetables

– Bread, cereals and potatoes

– Meat, fish, or alternatives

– Milk and dairy foods

– Foods containing fat and sugar

Hydrate Your Body:

When we fast for long hours, our body gets dehydrated over the course of the day. During the non-fasting period, we should take care of the hydration levels in our body. After a long day of fasting, it’s difficult to drink a lot of water or have lots of water-based food items. But, we can have fruit juices and soups made with veggies to give our body the additional water it needs. A great way to break the fast is with ‘Dates’. Also consider having coconut water, or making smoothies, coolers and fruity drinks which are super-hydrating.

Wholesome foods during Ramadan:

Suhoor- the pre-dawn meal should be a wholesome and moderate meal that is filling and provides enough energy for many hours. Ideally, it should be slow digesting food like salads, brown bread, cereal (especially oats) so that your body will get energy for a long time constant. Also, you can have some fluids with vitamins, such as fruit and vegetable juice.

It’s customary for Muslims to break the fast (Iftar) with some dates. Dates provide a burst of energy.  Fruit juices also have a similar, revitalizing effect. My favourite, of course, is “FALOODA”. Start by drinking plenty of water, which helps rehydrate and reduces the chances of overindulgence.

SOME QUICK TIPS: What to have and What to avoid:

Foods to avoid

– deep-fried foods, for example, pakoras, samosas and fried dumplings

– High-sugar and high-fat foods, including sweets such as gulab jamun, rasgulla and balushahi

– High-fat cooked foods, for example, parathas, oily curries and greasy pastries

– Fatty meats, Liver and organ meats, Hotdog and sausages, large amounts of prawn, shrimp and shellfish

– Whole milk, Ice cream and whipped cream, full cream yoghurt and labneh, Full cream cheese especially yellow cheese, Creamy and cheese sauces

– Coconut (the only fruit rich in saturated fats that are unhealthy for the heart), Fried vegetables, Boiled vegetables with butter, Juices with added sugar

– Pastries that contain large amounts of fat (doughnuts, croissants, Danish pastries), Fried rice, Fried potato chips or French fries

Healthy alternatives

– Baked samosas and boiled or steamed dumplings

– Chapattis made without oil

– Baked or grilled meat and chicken, Fish, Grilled or boiled skinless chicken, Lean veal or lamb, moderate amounts of prawns, Legumes such as beans, lentils, and peas, eggs

– Milk-based sweets and puddings such as rasmalai and barfee, skimmed or low-fat milk, skimmed or low-fat yoghurt and labneh, Low-fat cheese

– All fresh vegetables, boiled, baked, steamed or cooked with a little oil, Seasoned vegetables or vegetables with lemon juice or a little oil, Fresh fruits and natural fruit juice (in moderation)

– Brown bread, Plain spaghetti or rice (without ghee or high fat sauce), Grains with no added fat, Baked or boiled potatoes

Healthy cooking methods

– Shallow frying

– Grilling, Roasting, Steaming or Baking is healthier and helps retain the taste and original flavour of the food, especially with chicken and fish.

May everyone who observes the blessed month of Ramadan or other holy fasting period have a peaceful, healthy and happy time with family, friends and community.

Please consult with your physician regarding fasting or consuming any particular foods before doing so.

 

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10 Foods that can fill you up

rainbow-smoothies

If you were to describe ‘The Perfect Food’, it would probably be: healthy, delicious, bigger than a morsel and filling enough to fight hunger for hours. “Foods that promote satiety”—a feeling of lasting fullness. In this blog, I have listed down some foods which are healthy and yet filling.

  1. Baked potato

The potato has been unfairly demonized—it’s actually a potent hunger tamer. Though potatoes are often shunned because they’re considered high in carbohydrates, they shouldn’t be. Whether baked or boiled, they’re loaded with vitamins, fibre and other nutrients. Baked potato get you steady energy and lasting fullness after noshing on them.

Feel even fuller: Eat baked and boiled tubers skin-on to get more fibre for just 160 calories a pop.

2.  Bean soup

Soups have high water content, which means they fill your stomach with very few calories. Broth-based bean soups, in particular, contain a hefty dose of fibre and resistant starch—a good carb that slows the release of sugar into the bloodstream—to make that full feeling really stick. “Once in the stomach, fibre and water activate stretch receptors that signal that you aren’t hungry anymore.

Feel even fuller: Resist the cracker pack on the side in favour of a bigger soup helping. Beans are starchy, satisfying and caloric enough on their own. To give variations to your soup, you can throw lentils, black-eyed peas or kidney or navy beans into a vinegar-based salad too.

3.     Eggs

Eggs are one of the few foods that are a complete protein, meaning they contain all nine essential amino acids that your body can’t make itself. Once digested, those amino acids trigger the release of hormones in your gut that suppress appetite.

Feel even fuller: Don’t discard the yolks—about half an egg’s protein lives in those yellow parts. Adding vegetables to a scramble boosts its volume and fibre content for few extra calories (an egg has 78Kcal, and a cup of spinach just 7Kcal).

4.     Yoghurt

Yoghurt is the single best food for shedding pounds: Over time, people who downed more of the protein-packed stuff lost pounds without trying. Yoghurt contains dairy proteins which increase satiety, reduces food intake and keeps blood sugar steady.
Feel even fuller: Top yoghurt with fibrous foods like raspberries (4 grams of fibre per half cup) or cucumber (9 grams per three-quarters of a cup).

5.     Apples

Apples are one of the few fruits that contain pectin, which naturally slows digestion and promotes a feeling of fullness. In fact, people who ate an apple as part of a meal felt more satiated and ate less than those who consumed a calorically equivalent amount of juice and applesauce. “Whole apples take a long time to eat for very few calories. Your body has more time to tell your brain that you’re no longer hungry. That means you can eat lots of this low-energy-density, high-satiety fruit and avoid feeling deprived while losing weight.

Feel even fuller: Add apple chunks to oatmeal or salad.

6.     Popcorn

This movie-night favourite is a low-energy-density food—for 90 calories, you could eat 3 cups of air-popped corn but whereas for the same number of calories you can just have a quarter cup of potato chips. This means, that a quarter cup of potato chips has 90 calories whereas 3 cups of plain air-popped popcorns have just 90 calories, so it is more filling. Popcorn takes up more room in your stomach, and seeing a big bowl of it in front of you tricks you into thinking that you’re eating more calories and that you’ll feel full when you’re finished.

Feel even fuller: Sprinkle some red pepper on popcorns or any meal. In a recent Purdue University study, people who added a half teaspoon of the spice to their meal felt less hungry.

7.     Figs

A great natural cure for a sweet tooth, fresh figs have a dense consistency and sweet flesh that’s high in fibre (each 37-calorie fig packs about a gram), which slows the release of sugar into the blood, preventing the erratic high caused by cookies or cake.

Feel even fuller: Split the fig in half and add protein such as a teaspoon of cheese or add walnuts.

8.     Oatmeal

Oatmeal’s filling force comes from its high fibre content and its uncanny ability to soak up liquid like a sponge. When cooked with water or skim milk, the oats thicken and take more time to pass through your digestive system, meaning you’ll go longer between hunger pangs.

Feel even fuller: Sprinkle almonds on top of your bowl. “The nuts pack protein and fibre and contain unsaturated fats that can help stabilize insulin levels,” regulating blood sugar.

9.     Smoothies

While most beverages don’t satisfy hunger very well, drinks blended full of air are an exception: They cause people to feel satiated and eat less at their next meal. Just be sure you’re not whipping your smoothie full of sugary, caloric ingredients like fruit juices or flavoured syrups, which will negate the health benefits.

Feel even fuller: Put ice and fat-free milk or yoghurt in a blender, add in fruit and give it a whirl. Try strawberries, which are extremely low in energy density—they’re 92 percent water!—and bananas, which are loaded with resistant starch.

        10.   Wheat berries

Wheat berries are whole-wheat kernels which contain one of the highest amounts of protein and fibre per serving of any grain (6 grams of protein and 6 grams of fibre).

Protein triggers the hormone ghrelin to tell our brain that we are satisfied and fibre activates appetite-suppressing gut hormones.

Feel even fuller: Toss wheat berries with apples, nuts and other diet-friendly foods to make a super tasty salad.

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Genomics for Better Health

genomics

The healthcare landscape in India is undergoing a paradigm shift, from symptomatic treatment to a consumer-leadership model, thanks to mobile apps, digitization of electronic health records, and wearable technologies. GOQii allows users to take charge of their health with proactive tools. As the genomics partner to this health ecosystem, Mapmygenome offers solutions that are personalized, predictive, preventive, and participatory. We help our customers understand their health risks early and make informed choices for mitigation. They go on to build healthy habits and to achieve their health goals.

Genomics 101

The first question that comes to the mind is – What is this technology and how does it work? Genomics is the analysis of your genome, your unique DNA sequence that governs your health, habits, metabolism, physiology and psyche. Advances in technology have made it possible to read the whole or parts of individual’s DNA sequence. Experts analyze your DNA for variants at specific locations that can affect health and wellbeing. This information can be used to predict your risk for a particular disease, to diagnose a condition, to optimize treatment, or to move to a healthy lifestyle!

Understand Risks with Personal Genomics

With a simple swab of saliva, a personal genomics test can give you a complete profile of your genetic predisposition to health and lifestyle. While the genetic component does not change, factors such as environment, habits, and lifestyle can be modified to mitigate any genetic risks. Many people opt for comprehensive genomics service such as Genomepatri, which predicts individual’s genetic risk for 100+ health conditions, physiological traits, lifestyle, beauty and response to drugs. There are also tests like the BRCA gene test that Angelina Jolie took to understand her genetic risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, which enabled her to make life-changing informed choices to prevent that risk from manifesting.

Weight Loss Genetics – A Case For Personal Genomics

Cutting down calories and physical activity are just two aspects of a successful weight loss program. There are other aspects – lean vs. fat mass, appetite and satiety levels, food interactions within your system, and genetic makeup have an impact on weight loss. Our genes have a significant role in functions such as fat tissue metabolism, excess fat storage, transport, brain signalling, and energy conversion. Individuals with certain variants of a specific gene have to work harder to burn calories than their luckier friends. Some people have a tendency to regain weight more easily. Nutritionists often recommend test such as Genomepatri Fit in order to recommend the most suitable diet and exercise plan for weight loss.  They work in tandem with genetic counsellors.

Genetic Counselling to Know Yourself

It is not easy for a layman to predict hereditary risk for a particular condition or to interpret findings from a genetic report. Genetic counsellors help you understand your health history and family history, and guide you in making informed choices towards better health. They explain your genetic report, correlate this information with your health history, and formulate a preventive action plan that works for you.

Overcoming Fear

It is said that answers can be found by one who seeks, but there are many who are scared to find out what their genes say. While this is a personal choice, one should remember that screening and predictive testing can actually enable prevention and early treatment at much lower costs – financial and emotional. A session with a genetic counsellor can be a good starting point.

 

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