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OSTEOPOROSIS

osteoporosis

How often have you come across your parents, grandparents or an elderly relative who has had a minor fall in the bathroom, slipped on the floor or had a terrible jerk while travelling on a bumpy road and sustained fractures of bones with a lot of pain, suffering and disability.

It has been noticed that the culprit for such incidents is OSTEOPOROSIS.

Osteoporosis is one of the most common disabilities encountered in the elderly. It literally means POROUS BONE. The condition results in reduced density and increased fragility of bones resulting in higher risk of fracture with minor falls, cough, sneeze, or minor bumps.

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The condition is observed worldwide. There are more than 10 million cases per year in India. In the USA about 55% of its population aged 50 years and older have Osteoporosis. One third have disabilities and one third regain their pre-fracture status. The health costs from fractures are tremendous amounting to billions of dollars annually.

It is very important to learn about osteoporosis because it is a ‘SILENT DISEASE’ except occasional bone pains. You may not know that you have osteoporosis until your thin weakened bones fracture in a bump or fall. The more common sites are Hip, Spinal Vertebrae and Wrist.

Clinical studies suggest that approximately 1 in 2 women and 1 in 4 men aged 50 years and older will break a bone due to osteoporosis. Such people in this age group usually present with chronic vague backache, loss of height, or stooping (Kyphosis) and should consult doctor immediately.

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THE RISK FACTORS ARE,

  • Advanced age
  • Family history of osteoporosis
  • Early menopause
  • Short Stature
  • Lack of Exercise
  • Poor nutrition with lack of Calcium
  • Lack of Vitamin D
  • Chronic Cigarette Smoking and Excessive Alcohol Consumption
  • Medical Illnesses- like hyperthyroidism, surgical removal of ovaries, long term steroid therapy and rare inherited bone disorders like Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

SCREENING is advised for all elderly above 65 years of age and Men and Women less than 65 years of age who have increased risk of fracture or already suffered from fracture.

DIAGNOSIS – is by bone scan which measures-Bone Mineral Density (BMD). The test called DEXA (Dual Energy X ray Absorptimetry) gives indication of likelihood of fracture due to osteoporosis.

It is also used to monitor response to treatment.

Result.— T score a)   ( -1) and above ——- normal

  1. b)   (-1) to ( -2.5) ——- mild bone loss or osteopenia
  2. c)     ( -2.5) and below —- osteoporosis

Our aim should be to prevent bone less or slow down the occurrence of Osteoporosis and encourage healthy bone mineralization.

Following measures are recommended:

  1. Healthy Nutritional Diet – To be incorporated during childhood and adolescent period itself with adequate calcium and magnesium intake. Calcium intake should be 1000 to 1200 mg per day. Common calcium rich foods are dairy products, cheese, ragi, broccoli, spinach, cabbage, green beans, soy beans, okra, dates, egg, salt water fish and fruits like orange, figs.
  2. Vitamin D intake of 800 IU per day is a must. We encourage exposure to SunLight and supplementation as Vitamin D requirement cannot be fulfilled through nutrition alone.
  3. EXERCISE plays a major role. Weight bearing exercises like walking, playing golf, Dancing, Hiking, Racket sports like Tennis, Squash promote mineralization of bones and make them healthy. Muscle strengthening exercises like weight lifting benefit by increasing muscle strength and Non- Impact activities like YOGA help in balancing, posture, agility of joints and benefit people with osteoporosis by decreasing the risk of falls and fractures.

Studies have also reported an increase in BMD in the spine of those who do YOGA regularly. Exercise should be tailored to the individual person based on BMD report and medical condition in consultation with health care professional.

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  1. Other Lifestyle Changes – Have a Positive Attitude towards Life, avoid the use of tobacco and Cigarette Smoking, moderate alcohol intake if any, and measures to avoid falls like having railings, avoid slippery floors, having a mat or carpet on the floor helps etc.

Medications—You may also require osteoporosis medications to either build or maintain bone density. People have been treated with medications like Bisphosphonates, Hormone Therapy in Women, Calcitonin, Parathyroid Hormone. Stem Cell Therapy is also being tried out in severe cases.

But, any of these modalities of treatment should be undertaken in consultation with your Doctor. The doctor is the only one who will be able to decide the right treatment for you weighing the benefits and risks of the therapy.

Cultivate healthy living and enjoy life!

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Know what Bone Mineral Density is ?

Woman Health

Woman are always considered to be the torch bearer of health and to pass on that heritage to the future generations, just like our grandmother did for our mother and everyone in the family. But, it is not easy to leave behind a legacy of health and harmony. To be able to do that women need to make sure that they make time for themselves amidst all the responsibilities they shoulder both at home and outside of home and lead a healthy life with good nutrition, exercise and rest.

IMPORTANT POINTS THAT ALL WOMEN SHOULD KNOW:-

  • Bone mineral density or also called as BMD is the density of minerals such as calcium which is present in the bone.
  • Bone mineral density reduces drastically in post-menopausal women
  • Bone mass is lost after a certain age.
  • In post-menopausal women, calcium is leached out of the body which is why they are at a higher risk of developing bone issues.
  • Bones naturally become thinner and this condition is called as ‘osteopenia’.
  • Bones loose minerals such as calcium, becomes less dense and gradually becomes porous which makes the bones more susceptible to fractures
  • If the bone gets more thinner, ‘osteopenia’ can lead to ‘osteoporosis’
  • So thicker the bones, longer it takes to cause osteopenia or osteoporosis.
  • Bone mineral density tests should be done to check the exact peak density of the bone.
  • It the tests results shows that bone density is a bit lower than normal which means that it is the start of osteopenia. In such cases, bone density can be increased.
  • Adequate calcium plays a key role in maintaining bone density.
  • It is advisable that all the women who have crossed 35 years of age and post- menopausal women should get their bone mineral density checked. After all ‘PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE’!

THINGS YOU SHOULD DO TO DELAY BONE THINNING:-

  • It the tests results shows that bone density is a bit lower than normal which means that it is the start of osteopenia then the bone density can be increased by exercising, lifting weights, consuming adequate amount of calcium and vitamin D
  • Consuming adequate amount of calcium and vitamin D are the key to strengthen your bones.
  • Vitamin D helps in absorption of calcium in the body hence both of these nutrients go hand in hand.
  • Include lots of dark green leafy veggies which are a very good source of calcium.
  • Along with calcium, potassium and magnesium are also responsible in maintaining the bone health though in small amounts. Low levels of magnesium can hinder vitamin D balance.
  • Dairy products are again a well-known and rich source of calcium.
  • Most of the foods are fortified with calcium these days so that the peak bone mass problem does not occur in early ages.
  • Calcium supplements are also available which can be consumed.
  • Handful of almonds in your diet can be a very good calcium source.

Bone loss and Osteoporosis can be prevented in the future. So keep healthy- healthy habits such as eating foods in rich in calcium and Vitamin D and doing strength and weight bearing exercises such as walking, running, cycling or dancing all help.

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Here is your guide to Nut allergy: Dos and don’t’s

Nuts! Oh…they sure can cause trouble if you are allergic to them and growing number of adults and kids alike are allergic to them. I became more attentive to it when my 3 year old daughter experienced it. The doctor identified the red rashes all over her body, as an allergic reaction to some food.

The doctor asked me to cut down on 8 foods namely eggs, milk, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shell fish, wheat and soy which accounts for about 90% of all the reactions.

So what type of food allergies are we talking about? It could be peanuts for one or tree nuts. (Almonds, walnuts, pecans, cashew).

Nut allergy is one of the most common types of food allergy in both children and adults. This allergy tends to last an entire lifetime, although about nine percent of children with a tree nut allergy and 20 percent of children with a peanut allergy eventually outgrow their allergy. On stopping the consumption of peanuts, the rashes never turned up, thus confirmed the nut allergy in case of my daughter.

The first thing that comes to one’s mind about having an allergy is, you picture non-stop sneezing, running nose etc. But, unlike an allergic dust or spring flower that many have, a nut allergy can cause difficulty in breathing and other serious issues including skin rashes etc.   And could prove fatal at times.

Before we proceed towards, the symptoms, precautionary measures to take and substitutes, let’s quickly check out what exactly is a food allergy.

What is food allergy?

It is very important to know what food allergy is. People are seldom aware that one could be allergic to some food and that dust and flower allergies are not the only allergies that people may have.

The job of our body’s immune system is to identify and destroy the germs (such as bacteria or viruses) that make you sick. A food allergy occurs when this immune system wrongly identifies a harmless food as an allergen i.e a threat and attacks it.

When you come into contact with something that you are allergic to (an allergen), a group of cells in your body, called mast cells, release a substance called histamine. Histamine causes the tiny blood vessels in the tissues of your body to leak fluid which causes the tissues to swell. This results in a number of different symptoms.

The Symptoms may vary for person to person. Here is a list for you to go through. Basically the symptoms are divided into two categories-:

  1. Mild symptoms which can be cured by medication

Rashes, swelling of the extremities, redness and tenderness, hivesm nausea, stomach cramps, vomitting, diarrheo and breathing difficulty.

Quick action: Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) or loratidine (Claritin) can help relieve rashes and hives. Cold, wet compresses can also help soothe irritated skin.

  1. Anaphylaxis: Life threatening

Constriction and tightening of airways, a swollen throat or the sensation of a lump in your throat that makes it difficult to breathe, Shock with a severe drop in blood pressure, Rapid pulse, Dizziness, lightheadedness or loss of consciousness

Quick Action: Emergency treatment is critical for anaphylaxis. Untreated, anaphylaxis can cause a coma or even death.

KEEP YOURSELF ALERT !!

A person with an allergy to one type of tree nut has a higher chance of being allergic to other types. Therefore, many experts advise patients with allergy to tree nuts to avoid all nuts. Here are few precautionary actions to need to take care of:

  1. Avoid peanuts and tree nuts. This means we also need to avoid foods containing them like cookies, candies, ice creams, yogurts, sauces, Thai, Chinese and Indian dishes that often contain peanut and tree nut. One can have these without the nuts in them.
  2. Read labels while you purchase foods from market. Keep at bay all the food products which say “may contain nuts” or “produced on shared equipment with nuts or peanuts”
  3. Be very cautious in the kitchen while using the equipments. Knife, spoon or any vessel in which peanut or nut food preparation was used should be properly washed before using it again.
  4. Inform about your allergy to everyone with whom you enjoy your food like your family, friends and colleagues so that they are careful while serving you food. When you visit a restaurant, be very careful to check the ingredient list or ask the manager about the foods served. Don’t feel shy and if they are not willing to share, better opt for some other restaurant. (Abroad restaurant menus do specify dishes that have nuts and warn anyone with nut allergy. But, in India we do have to ask and let the person know about your allergies)
  5. Keep rescue medicines on you at all times — not in your locker, but in a pocket, purse, or bag that’s with you.
  6. If your child is suffering from nuts allergy, inform this in their school.

Take care of your loved ones, by being extra careful of what they are eating. Make them happy by suggesting these alternatives such as sunflower seed butter or soy nut butter, hummus and nut free granola bars over peanuts and tree nuts.

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This Molecule – ‘Nitric Oxide’ can change your health

Did you know there is a molecule our Body produces which is called ‘Nitric oxide’ (NO)?

Well then let me enlighten you about NO. This is a molecule that our body produces to help its 50 trillion cells communicate with each other by transmitting signals throughout the entire body. This molecule is also the ‘fountain of youth’ secret. The more nitric oxide your body produces naturally, the younger you stay, mentally and physically.

  • help memory and behavior by transmitting information between nerve cells in the brain
    • assist the immune system at fighting off bacteria and defending against tumors
    • regulate blood pressure by dilating arteries
    • reduce inflammation
    • improve sleep quality
    • increase your recognition of sense (i.e. smell)
    • increase endurance and strength
    • assist in gastric motility

Nitric oxide is one of the main ‘ingredients’ behind erections, and without the molecule, you simply couldn’t’ have a healthy one.

Simply put, nitric oxide makes the body run more smoothly, as oxygen, nutrients, and red blood cells can reach their target tissue and cells faster. This to me is what makes nitric oxide extremely important, when it comes to immunity, prevention and cure of diseases and maintenance of well-being.

The most common way to increase nitric oxide is through exercise. When you run or lift weights, your muscles need more oxygen which is supplied by the blood. As the heart pumps with more pressure to supply the muscles with blood, the lining in your arteries releases nitric oxide into the blood, which relaxes and widens the vessel wall, allowing for more blood to pass though.

As we age, our blood vessels and nitric oxide system become less efficient due to free radical damage, inactivity, and poor diet, causing our veins and arteries to deteriorate. Think of a fire hose as water rushes through it to put out a fire – it needs to expand enough to handle the pressure, still keeping enough force to put out the fire. Athletes and youth have the most optimal nitric oxide systems, reflecting their energy and resilience.

When you eat foods that contain natural nitrates, the bacteria in your tongue converts them into nitritines… …And once you swallow the food, the bacteria in your gut converts the nitritines into nitric oxide. And fortunately, nitrate rich foods are easy to obtain and they’re also quite cheap.

Here’s a list of few great foods packed with natural nitrates:

Spinach, beets, celery, aragula lettuce, iceberg lettuce, carrots, parsley, cabbage, radishes, collard greens, etc. It’s a well-known medical fact that vitamin C increases nitric oxide production in the body, and that it also protects the molecules. Garlic on the other hand is filled with nitrates, and it also contains a compound called quercetin, which is linked to increased NO levels.
eat plenty of grapes, red wine, onions, and garlic.

Get plenty of safe sunlight

CQ10 from food sources, such as from: salmon, grassfed red meat, animal organs, egg yolks, Brazil nuts, and spinach.

Remember in the tip number #1 how I said that the bacteria in your tongue converts nitrates into nitritines, and then your gut continues the process by converting the nitritines into NO? Well, that process never occurs if you’re a ‘heavy user’ of mouthwashes. Listerine and the likes, tend to destroy all of the bacteria in your mouth (remember not all bacteria is bad) so that the nitrates can’t convert into nitritines.

Exercising and staying active is amazingly awesome for pretty much everything. After all, we were never meant to sit around all day.

We should be constantly on the move, walking, climbing, etc. And pretty much all kinds of exercise (all the way from walking into furious strength training) has been shown to increase nitric oxide levels, both, temporarily and the baseline. Something as simple as increasing nitrix oxide in your body can make you feel healthy, strong and fit.

 

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