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Everything You Need to Know About Malaria

Malaria causes, symptoms and prevention

Malaria is a serious, life-threatening and sometimes fatal, disease spread by mosquitoes – Anopheles and caused by a parasite (Plasmodium). Five species of Plasmodium (single-celled parasites) can infect humans and cause illness:

  • Plasmodium falciparum (or P. Falciparum)
  • Plasmodium malariae (or P. Malariae)
  • Plasmodium vivax (or P. Vivax)
  • Plasmodium ovale (or P. Ovale)
  • Plasmodium knowlesi (or P. Knowlesi)

Falciparum Malaria is potentially life-threatening. Patients with severe Falciparum Malaria may develop liver and kidney failure, convulsions, and coma. Although occasionally severe, infections with P. Vivax and P. Ovale generally cause less serious illness, but the parasites can remain dormant in the liver for many months, causing a reappearance of symptoms months or even years later. Plasmodium Ovale is generally not found in India. Plasmodium Malariae is commonly found in tribals, in forests and hilly areas. P. Vivax and Plasmodium Falciparum are found in most parts of India.

Symptoms of Malaria

Malaria has a wide spectrum of symptoms. Along with high fever, shaking chills and sweating, symptoms can include headache, body aches, general weakness, nausea and vomiting. Sometimes complicated or severe malaria affects different body systems which may cause severe anemia, kidney failure, seizures, cardiovascular collapse or low blood sugar.

Modes of Transmission

Generally, it is transmitted through bites from female Anopheles mosquitoes. Besides this, there are other modes of transmission. Because the parasites that cause malaria affect red blood cells, people can also catch it from exposure to infected blood, including: From a mother to an unborn child or through blood transfusion.

Treatment of Malaria

Malaria is treated with prescription drugs to kill the parasite. The types of drugs and the duration of treatment will vary. This depends on:

  • Type of malaria parasites
  • Severity of symptoms
  • Pregnancy.

People who have malaria should drink lots of fluids. Hydration will not treat or cure it, but it will reduce side effects associated with dehydration.

Preventive Measures 

Undeniably, the best way to treat malaria is to never catch it in the first place. Thus, avoiding contact with mosquitoes is crucial. To avoid contact use these simple yet effective ways:

  • Using Insecticide Treated Net (ITN) for sleeping can reduce contact between mosquitoes and humans.
  • Another powerful way to reduce transmission is Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) with insecticides. Once or twice in year, spraying can be done inside of housing structures.
  • Apply insect repellent to exposed skin.
  • Clothing that covers most of the exposed skin and shoes that are closed can reduce the risk of bites. Tuck in all clothing. Pants should be tucked into socks to avoid exposure around the ankles. In addition, treating clothes with insecticides can prevent bites even further.
  • Make sure that water is not allowed to stagnate in or around your house where mosquitoes breed.
  • Keep your surroundings clean.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a simple 4 letter tool to help travelers safely prepare for ventures in any corner of the world.

  1. Awareness of Risk: Before you travel, you need to be aware if the place you are heading to has a risk of Malaria.
  2. Bite prevention: Whether you are headed to a high or low-risk area, it is important that you try to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes.
  3. Chemoprophylaxis: In some areas where there is a risk of Malaria, it is advised that you use anti-malarial medication to reduce your risk of contracting it should you get bitten.
  4. Diagnosis: Prompt diagnosis ensures you get the right treatment when you need it and ultimately, improves your chances.

Although malaria can be a deadly disease, illness and death can usually be prevented if you are prepared for it.

Did we miss out on anything? Would you like to know more? Then subscribe for personalized health coaching and get the right guidance and information from a certified expert here.

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5 Powerful Bodyweight Exercises For Lower Back

exercises for lower backWith sedentary jobs and increased sitting time, we are much more prone to weak and underutilized muscles, leading to faulty postures and eventually lower back pain. So, it’s all the more important to work on strengthening our core/lower back muscles. A strong back not only makes you look aesthetically great, it also helps you maintain/improve your posture and protects from any back pain/injury. And what’s best, when you can use your own bodyweight as a tool to gain strength, rather than rely on fancy equipment! 

5 Effective Bodyweight Exercises For Lower Back 

1. Plank

lower back
The plank is an excellent exercise to strengthen your core, it works on your abdominal muscles and the entire back from the pelvis, along the spine and up to the shoulder girdle. It also engages the entire lower limbs.

How to do a Plank?

  1. Begin in the plank position, with your face down and your forearms and toes on the floor. Your elbows should be directly under your shoulders and your forearms should be facing forward. Your head should be relaxed and you should be looking at the floor.
  2. Engage your abdominal muscles, drawing your navel toward your spine. Keep your torso straight and rigid and your body in a straight line from head to toes with no sagging or upward bend. This is the neutral spine position.
  3. Hold this position for 10-15 seconds, release onto the floor and as you progress, you can increase the hold time to 30 sec/1 min/ 2 min.

2. Side Plank


The side plank works on your core, along with the internal and external oblique muscles that collectively help to control the rotational movements of our spine. A regular plank keeps our core stabilized, while working on the transverse abdominis muscle, whereas the side plank has a stronger emphasis on the quadratus lumborum or the part of the back side of the abdominal wall that plays a major role in preventing back pain.

How to do a Side Plank?

  1. Start with your elbow positioned directly below your shoulder, with the forearm resting on the ground.
  2. Keep the feet stacked or staggered (depending on your core strength), lift up your bottom, through the lower obliques until the body is in a straight line. Keep the shoulders and hips stacked.
  3. Perform one to three sets for 10-30 seconds, or as long as you can maintain proper form.
  4. For Beginners: You can drop the knee to the floor for additional support or find an elevated surface to place the hand or forearm, reducing the challenge on the core.

3. Quadruped Limb Raises/ Bird Dog


The bird dog is a simple core exercise that improves stability, strength (of core, hips and back muscles), mobility and alignment of the entire spine. Hence is very effective in relieving low back pain.

How to do a Bird Dog?

  1. Begin on all fours in the tabletop position, with your hands placed under the shoulders and knees under the hips. Maintain a neutral spine and draw your shoulders blades together.
  2. Raise your right arm and left leg, keeping your shoulders and hips parallel to the floor. Lengthen the back of your neck and tuck your chin into your chest to gaze down at the floor.
  3. Hold this position for a few seconds, then lower back down to the starting position. Repeat with the left arm and right leg. You can do 8-10 repetitions each side and progress with more sets.

4. Back Extension Exercise/Superman Pose


An exercise named after “the Man of Steel”, should definitely give your back muscles the power of steel, to keep you away from back pain and increase your mobility and strength for daily activities. The Superman pose is a great bodyweight exercise that engages your entire core- including the abdominals, obliques, back extensors, hamstrings, glutes and the arms too.

How to do a Superman?

  1. Begin by lying with your belly on the floor, head in neutral position and arms extended over your head, so that a straight line is created from the tips of your finger to the toes.
  2. Slowly lift your arms and legs off the ground at the same time, tightening your glutes(butt) as you lift up. Hold the position at the top, for 3-5 seconds.
  3. Gradually lower your arms and legs to the floor. Repeat the movement 5-10 times, depending on your fitness level.
  4. Increase difficulty level: If you think the above move is easy, you can increase the challenge by making this an isometric exercise. Hold the top position for 30-60 seconds, or as long as you can maintain proper form.

5. Bridge/Supine Gluteal Bridge


The bridge is a great exercise for improving hip mobility and strengthening your lower back muscles, using your own bodyweight. This exercise targets the back of your legs, or posterior chain, that includes your hamstrings and glutes. 

How to do it?  

  1. Lie on your back with your knees bent. Tighten your abdominal muscles.
  2. Raise your hips off the floor until your hips are aligned with your knees and shoulders. Hold for three deep breaths.
  3. Return to the starting position and repeat. You can do up to 3 sets of 10-15 repetitions.
  4. Increase difficulty level: by performing this exercise with a single leg, while maintaining level hips.

So, if you are looking to strengthen your back muscles using your own bodyweight and no equipment, you now know what exercises to do and how to progress ahead. You can do the exercises, 2-3 times a week and also can add to any workout routine that you have been following.

If this article on bodyweight exercises for lower back helped you, let us know in the comments below! Want to explore more articles on home workouts and exercises? Click here or join our fitness experts for live, interactive sessions on GOQii PRO. Book a class now from the GOQii App. 

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Top Meat Substitutes And Their Importance

meat substitute

Meat consumption has primarily been linked to Western diet and recently, it’s been a trend in people who want to build muscles. No doubt, Meat is an excellent source of high-quality protein, various vitamins and minerals such as vitamin B12, zinc, selenium, iron, niacin, and vitamin B6.

However, a large number of studies have linked meat consumption to higher risk of cardiovascular disease, heart disease, stroke and some forms of cancer, Type 2 diabetes, also known as “Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)”. That is because, Meat is high in saturated fat, which can lead to above-mentioned lifestyle diseases. Thus, health awareness and other factors such as animal disease, natural resources depletion, green-house gas emission and other environmental concerns has led to the shift to low fat and low calorie plant foods and has increased importance of meat substitutes in the current scenario.

Plant based foods are associated with lowered risks for several  kinds of cancers, lowered incidence of hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular diseases and are known to enhance the immune system as well. Only limiting factor here can be the low quality proteins, but that too can be easily overcome by including diverse plant protein sources to get all the essential amino acids.

Plant-based Meat Substitutes

Here are some of the best meat substitutes that can be a part of a healthy and wholesome diet.

1. Tofu

It is also called Bean Curd, is a  Soy food product made from soybean or soya bean. It is one of the best meat substitutes because

  • It offers a complete protein profile
  • It has heat-stable storage protein. Hence, it is good for high temperature cooking
  • Bioavailability of soy protein is equivalent to meat and eggs
  • They are low in fat in comparison to animal based food especially saturated fat, and have zero cholesterol
  • Rich in many bioactive compounds such as isoflavones, peptides, flavonoids and vitamins, which have a protective effect against free radicals in the body

Using firm tofu and Crumbling, stir-fry it until brown and crispy. This makes it taste extremely similar to ground chicken or pork. It can be stir-fried with veggies like broccoli, bell pepper, Zucchini to make salads or its sautéed cubes can be added in soups, or used in sandwiches with lettuce and tomato slices or made into Tikka masala or Tofu-Chilli, etc.

2. Beans and Legumes

They are an ideal choice for a filling and fiber-rich meal. They have protein content which is at par with some animal foods, as per the Nutritive Value of Indian Foods. Raw beans/legumes can provide a whopping 18-37 gm of protein per 100 grams with additional advantage of fiber, low fat, no cholesterol and plenty of vitamins and minerals.

Few options include: 

  • Chickpeas have beneficial nutrient composition with high fibre which makes it more filling. They not only provide protein but also provide a substantial portion of iron, folate, potassium, and have a calcium content equivalent to milk. Using it as coarsely ground gives it a texture of minced beef. It can be used to make Hummus which is used as a dip for vegetable sticks,  baked falafel, which can serve as a meat-free patty in tacos or burgers or pancakes from chickpea flour with veggies to make a complete meal.
  • Boiled and minced Black beans can replace beans for ground beef in tacos and other similar dishes. The dark colour of the bean makes it a fantastic source of antioxidants and anthocyanins. It can be made into vegetables or fillings for sandwiches.
  • Lentils have one of the highest levels of protein by weight of all the pulses and less than 1% fat, providing them a nutritional edge to thicken meat-free curries and soups.
  • Cooked green peas are another protein-rich option, almost the same as a cup of milk. It can be served as a side dish, made into patties, cooked with veggies, stirred into soup or macaroni and cheese or blended with olive oil, parmesan cheese and toasted pine nuts to make a delicious pesto sauce.

3. Nuts & Seeds

Nuts and seeds are another good substitute for meats, fish and eggs as they are protein-dense, especially Hemp seeds which have complete proteins, good fiber, vitamin E, vitamin B2, niacin, folate, and essential minerals such as zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, copper, and selenium and healthy essential fats

Only downside here is the relatively higher calories which calls for controlled portions. Here’s how you can use them: 

  • Hemp seeds, chia seeds and flax seeds can be toasted and sprinkled over salad to give a crunch.
  • Stir them into buttermilk/yogurt and oatmeal or blend them into smoothies.
  • Sunflower, sesame and melon seeds can be added to muffins, salads, stir fries or in the case of sunflower seeds, can be eaten on their own. 
  • Toasted nuts can be made into energy bars.
  • Plain nuts and nut butters can be eaten without hydrogenated oils or lots of added sugar, example, Almond butter and peanut butter.
  • Almond milk or hemp milk are also good options for consumption.

A study by Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) has revealed that replacing one serving of red meat with one serving of nuts reduces mortality risk by 19%. Believe it or not, tennis legends Venus and Serena Williams follow a healthy, balanced raw vegan diet during the tennis season. That’s right, both raw and vegan.

If this article helped you, let us know in the comments below. You can read more articles on nutrition here or just speak to a GOQii Coach directly by subscribing for Personalised Health Coaching here.  

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Refreshing Low Calorie & Nutritious Summer Drinks

Summer drinks recipe

There is nothing in the world that spells summer better than an afternoon spent lounging by the pool with an icy cold beverage in hand! Like me, how many of you have been craving something chilled throughout the day? While the idea of consuming a refreshing summer drink is plagued with thoughts of weight gain and the fact that most of these drinks are loaded with sugar, we thought of a few drinks that are low on calories and high on health. Try these refreshing summer drinks to beat the heat!

1. Coconut Water

Coconut Water is a beautifying beverage worth sipping all year long! It’s slightly sweet taste is particularly refreshing during summer. In addition to guzzling coconut water post-hot yoga flow or mixing it in to your A.M. smoothies, there are many other ways to enjoy it. Think on a popsicle stick, in a pudding and what not. Try adding some crushed mint leaves and lime juice to usual coconut water to make it more interesting.

2. Peppermint Tea

peppermint tea recipe

Peppermint Tea is a delicious and relaxing beverage that has numerous health benefits. Whether you are preparing it from a tea bag or using fresh leaves, peppermint tea can be made in a matter of minutes. Introducing a batch of iced peppermint tea to a summer party is an invigorating experience! All you’ll need is:

  • 3-5 mint tea bags (or 30 fresh peppermint leaves)
  • 4 cups (32 ounces) water
  • Lemon or honey to taste (optional)

3. Watermelon Lime Juice Cooler

watermelon lime cooler recipe

This super refreshing Watermelon Lime Cooler is a great way to beat the heat on hot summer days. Best of all, it takes a few minutes to prepare.

What you need is:

  • 2 cups chilled Watermelon chunks
  • 1 tbsp Lime Juice
  • Ice Cubes
  • Few Basil or Mint Leaves
  • 2 cups Seltzer or Club Soda (240ml)

Blend Watermelon chunks and Lime juice in a blender. Serve chilled.

4. Cucumber Mint Squash

cucumber mint squash recipe

Another tangy yet delicious drink loaded with detox properties. It is a perfect blend for a hot afternoon!

What you need is:

  • Mint leaves – 1 cup
  • Cucumber – 1/2 cup
  • Lemon juice – 1 1/2 tbsp
  • Water – 2 cup
  • Honey – 1 tbsp to taste
  • Salt – 1/2 tsp (to taste)

Blend everything in a blender. Add lemon juice after blending and mix it well. Filter the juice through a sieve and check the seasoning. Add if required. Serve chilled with ice cubes.

5. Strawberry Lemonade

strawberry lemonade recipe

There’s nothing that beats homemade lemonade, except adding strawberries to the mix!

What you need is:

  • 2 cups fresh strawberries
  • 3/4 cup freshly squeezed lemon juice, about 5 lemons
  • Chilled Water
  • 1 extra lemon, thinly sliced

Add strawberries and lemon juice to a blender and pulse until strawberries are liquid. Pour juice into a 1/2 gallon pitcher, add slices of lemon, and fill with chilled water. Don’t over fill pitcher with water, add just enough to make 1/2 gallon.

Try these delicious recipes out and let us know which ones were your favorites.

Were these recipes helpful? Want more? Get them here. You can also get these recipes directly from a GOQii Coach by subscribing for Personalised Health Coaching here.

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