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Managing Diabetes: Dietary Choices and Lifestyle Adjustments for Controlling Blood Sugar

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that impairs the body’s ability to regulate blood sugar levels. In recent years, the global prevalence of diabetes has surged, with nearly one in ten people affected, making it one of the fastest-growing lifestyle disorders. It’s also a contributor to other health issues such as heart disease, obesity, retinopathy, and nephropathy. However, with lifestyle modifications like improved diet, increased physical activity, stress management, and proper sleep, along with timely medication, it is possible to reverse this condition.

Let us explore some basic food groups and functional foods that can be integrated into daily meals to help prevent blood sugar spikes:

Whole Grains: Oats, millets, brown rice, buckwheat, and quinoa are rich in fiber and complex carbohydrates, slowing digestion and controlling blood sugar.

First-Class Proteins: Dried beans, lentils, yogurt, non-fat milk, nuts, seeds, eggs, lean meats, and especially fatty fish, which are rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, are excellent sources of high-quality protein. These foods not only help you feel fuller for longer, thus reducing carbohydrate consumption during meals, but the Omega-3 fatty acids they contain also help prevent various heart diseases.

 Fruits: All fruits are suitable for consumption, but it is crucial to control portion sizes and consume them at appropriate times of the day, separate from main meals.

Vegetables: Both starchy and non-starchy types, particularly leafy greens, are low in carbohydrates and ideal for controlling overeating and post-meal sugar spikes.

Healthy Fats: Avocados, olive oil, nuts, fatty fish, flaxseeds, and cold-pressed oils are heart-healthy and help mitigate complications from diabetes.

Key spices from the kitchen also play a vital role in managing blood sugar levels:

Cinnamon: Commonly used in Indian cooking, just 1/4th teaspoon of cinnamon can enhance insulin release and improve insulin sensitivity.

Garlic: Rich in Vitamin B6 and Vitamin C, garlic aids carbohydrate metabolism and acts as a powerful antioxidant to prevent diabetes onset.

Turmeric: Known for its anti-inflammatory properties, turmeric helps reduce the oxidative stress associated with diabetes.

When managing diabetes, consider these three key elements:

 

Portion Control: Essential in managing intake of the beneficial foods without overindulging.

Type of Food: Adhering to the ‘My Plate’ concept, meals should consist of about 50% fiber (vegetables), 25% proteins, 10-15% fats, and minimal carbohydrates.

Meal Frequency and Timing: Spread your daily intake across two or three main meals to maintain consistent energy levels and prevent blood sugar spikes.

Incorporating the right food choices, engaging in daily physical activity, and maintaining a regular sleep schedule are fundamental strategies for preventing and potentially reversing diabetes.

We hope this article helps you. For further information or guidance, reach out to our certified experts by subscribing to GOQii’s Personalised Health Coaching here.

#BeTheForce 

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Why You Should Exercise To Manage Diabetes

exercise to manage diabetesThe facts and myths about diabetes are plenty, especially on the kind of foods one should have or not have, whether one should exercise to manage diabetes, etc. But, it’s when I saw my dad exercising one day, a thought struck me – is it not important to test a diabetic before exercise? Is diet all that one needs to focus on?

What if he exercises vigorously and his sugar levels drop down? At what sugar levels should we allow or not allow a person to exercise? What should be the intensity and frequency of the exercise? What type of exercise should a diabetic do?

These questions obviously led me to explore and research more about diabetes and exercise. I would like to share some information about what Diabetes is, what are its types and how regular exercise can control your Diabetes.

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a chronic disease where there’s a high level of sugar in the blood, either due to less insulin sensitivity or because of low insulin secretion or no insulin levels in the body.

There are three major types of diabetes. The causes and risk factors are different for each type:

  • Type 1 diabetes: can occur at any age, but it is most often diagnosed in children, teens, or young adults. In this type, the body makes little or no insulin. Daily injections of insulin are needed. The exact cause is unknown.
  • Type 2 diabetes: makes up for most of the diabetes cases. It often occurs in adulthood, but teens and young adults are now being diagnosed because of high obesity rates. In such cases, either the body becomes less sensitive to insulin or insulin secretion decreases.
  • Gestational diabetes: is high blood sugar that develops at any time during pregnancy in a woman who does not have diabetes, and disappears once the pregnancy is over.

Can You Exercise To Manage Diabetes? 

We all know that exercise provides multiple benefits but does it help diabetics as well? In fact, it does! Here are some of the changes you can experience if you exercise to manage diabetes:

  • Exercise helps lower blood sugar levels
  • It helps you feel better
  • Helps maintain proper body weight
  • Keeps the heart rate and blood pressure lower
  • Keeps blood fat levels normal
  • Improves insulin sensitivity
  • Helps in maintaining normal blood circulation in the feet

Now that we know a few of many reasons why exercise is important for a person with diabetes, let’s see which exercises can benefit diabetics.

Which kinds Of Exercise Are Best For Diabetics?

To help manage diabetes, you can try:

  1. 30 minutes of “moderate intensity” aerobic activity – 5 days a week.
  2. “Vigorous intense” aerobic activity for 20 minutes or more a day – 3-5 days a week.

In addition, you should add flexibility and strength training to your routine.

  1. Flexibility activities 5-7 days a week.
  2. Strength training 8-10 exercises, 10-15 repetitions of each exercise, 2-3 days a week.

Calories Per hour and the types of moderate and vigorous exercises

Moderate physical activity for one hour Calorie burnt per hour
Hiking 370
Light gardening / Yard work 330
Dancing 330
Golf (walking and carrying clubs) 330
Bicycling (<10mph) 290
Walking  (3.5mph) 280
Weight lifting (light workout) 220
Stretching 180
Vigorous physical activity for one hour 
Running / Jogging (5mph) 590
Bicycling (>10mph) 590
Swimming (Slow freestyle laps) 510
Aerobics 480
Walking (4-5 mph) 460
Heavy Yard work (chopping wood) 440
Weight lifting (vigorous effort) 440
Basket ball (vigorous) 440

Source – Dietary Guidelines for Americans – 2005 *(These values are derived from American journals and may not be specific to other populations).

When Should One Exercise?

The best time to exercise will vary with the schedule. Preferably, one should pick the same time for exercise each day so that if one is on insulin, the adjustment of insulin dosage is manageable.

  1. Morning exercise may cause your blood glucose to drop less than if you exercised later.
  2. If you are on insulin or taking pills that work by making more insulin, evening exercise may result in low blood glucose while you sleep.

Remember – Your Diabetes Management can be adjusted to suit your lifestyle. Your lifestyle does not have to be adjusted to fit your diabetes.

After knowing what kind of exercise and at what time we should do them, let’s see what precautions should be taken while doing them.

Safety Tips for Active Diabetics

1. Get your doctor’s okay before you start exercising.
This is especially important if you are older than age 35, have had diabetes for more than 10 years, have any complications of diabetes, have not exercised in a long time, or have heart disease. Exercise has the same effect on blood glucose as insulin. It lowers blood glucose, making you more sensitive to insulin. This is a benefit of exercise that can also pose a problem if it lowers your blood glucose too much.

2. Avoid low blood sugar levels
Low blood sugar levels are when the glucose levels dip below <70mg/dl. Common symptoms include shakiness, weakness, abnormal sweating, and anxiety, tingling of mouth and hunger, headache, visual disturbance, confusion, seizures, coma. Monitor your blood glucose before and after working out, especially when beginning or modifying the exercise program. Always keep a 15g of fast-acting carbohydrate (powdered sugar/Glucose tablets 3-4) with you to treat Hypoglycemia.

3. Check your blood glucose levels pre and post workout
If you blood glucose is below 70 –

  1. Take 5g of carbohydrate right away
  2. Wait for 15 minutes
  3. Check again – if still below 70, then have another 15 grams.

It should work now.

If the blood glucose is high – Fasting is>250 and ketosis is present.

Or >300 with or without ketosis. Avoid exercise with such high blood sugar levels.

4. Eat before heavy exercise
If you’re going to exercise around mealtime, you should eat the meal first. When possible, allow half an hour for digestion. Solid foods, such as whole grains, vegetables, etc. are digested slowly than liquids. They provide protection for at least 2-3 hours. When it is possible to choose the exercise time, try to begin the exercise 30-60 minutes after a meal or snack.

Remember – Nothing works better than experience and frequent blood glucose testing. 

5. Diabetic complications 

  • Retinopathy: Patients with retinopathy are at risk for retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage associated with vigorous-intensity exercise. For those with retinopathy, vigorous aerobic and resistance, weight-bearing exercises should be avoided.
  • Nephropathy: Should not indulge in vigorous-intensity exercise as protein excretion increases post-exercise.
  • Peripheral Neuropathy: Should take proper care of feet to prevent foot ulcers. Feet should be kept dry. Avoid the wrong type of socks and shoes. Avoid tight elastic bands and ill-fitted shoes (they reduce circulation). Avoid wearing thick or bulky socks (they can fit poorly and irritate the skin). Rather wear light colored cotton socks that dissipate heat faster. Moisturize your feet – but not between your toes- that could encourage a fungal infection. Use a moisturizer daily to keep dry skin from itching or cracking. Consider non-weight bearing activities as they may be better tolerated and aid healing.

6. Stay hydrated
Proper hydration is essential during exercise. Exercising during hot weather requires special attention. Drinking extra fluids should begin an hour or two before you begin exercise to manage diabetes. A general rule is to drink 8 ounces of fluid for every 30 minutes of vigorous activity. 

7. Check your pulse rate
It’s important to check the pulse periodically to see if you are exercising within your target zone. Right after you exercise, take your pulse – count your pulse for 10 secs and multiply the no by 6.

Compare the numbers on the right grouping in the table below.

Age Target Heart range zone
20 years 100-150 beats/min
25 years 98-146 beats/min
30 years 95-142 beats / min
35 years 93-138 beats/ min
40 years 90-135 beats/min
45 years 88-131 beats/min
50 years 85-127 beats/ min
55 years 83-123 beats/min
60 years 80-120 beats/min
65 years 78-116 beats/ min
70 years 75-113 beats / min

Source: Exercise and Your Heart, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association, NIH Publication No. 93-1677.

The good news is that if someone regularly exercises, these benefits can be permanent, and for someone with diabetes, it can mean reducing medication. If younger members of families with a predisposition to diabetes exercise regularly, they could avoid diabetes altogether.

A single bout of exercise can benefit the body’s sensitivity to insulin for 16-18 hours and have positive effects on blood glucose control (glucose absorption) for 24-48hours.

But these effects wear off between 60-72 hours. Hence, staying active most of the time is imperative.

I just want to convey that Diabetes cannot take your hope, faith, attitude, courage and happiness away from you. We are the authors of our own health. Let’s overcome it, no matter what type or what level of disease it is.

Now that you know why you should exercise to manage diabetes, get out there and begin your journey! To read more on Diabetes, check out Healthy Reads.

For further guidance and motivation by certified experts, join the GOQii Diabetes Care program. It’s India’s only diabetes program that is driven by Smart Science and Personal Coaching to improve Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Postprandial Blood Sugar (PP), reduce HbA1c levels and let you win gold! You can subscribe here: https://store.goqii.com/diabetescare.

#BeTheForce

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Common Reasons For Not Losing Belly Fat

Commons Reasons For Not Losing Belly FatBelly fat is not accumulated in a day or two. It takes several weeks and months of unhealthy eating and lifestyle to build it. When people finally decide to lose belly fat, the first thing they wonder is ‘Why am I not losing belly fat even after exercising so much and cutting down on junk food?’ There are several reasons for it.

Reasons Why You’re Not Losing Belly Fat

Here are a few common reasons why most individuals find it difficult to lose belly fat.

1. Eating Heavy Meals At One Time
Most people struggling with losing belly fat and weight loss are the ones who tend to have too much food at one time. The reason for this is largely either long gaps between the meals or skipping previous meal or if the person consumes food very fast. How is this related to belly fat?

When a person consumes food, it gets broken down to release/provide energy. Firstly, it will fill in the glycogen stores and then the excess calories that are not used up with good physical activity get converted into fats and the most common sites of fat storage is the belly, arms, thighs and buttocks.

When you are having food, only post 20-25 mins of eating, the satiety centers in the brain are activated and you feel full and satisfied. When you eat fast the satiety centers of the brain are not activated and you end up eating more. Small frequent meals and chewing your food thoroughly and eating mindfully is the key to control food portion.

2. Dinner Meals Are High In Carbs & High In Quantity
Due to a hectic schedule, the only meal that we have together with the family turns out to be ‘dinner’ and in turn, it ends up to be the largest meal with a variety of food that the entire family enjoys. Ideally, dinners should be light and should be high in proteins and less in carbs. This is actually vice versa of what is generally practiced.

The reason for the dinners to be light and high in proteins and less in carbs is that post dinner, we are not that active. Hence, there’s no real requirement of all the carbs for energy. The process of recovery of all the muscles that are used up throughout the day, the repairing of all the wear and tear happens during the night and that requires proteins, not carbs.

3. Physical & Mental Stress
This is only with regards to people who are excessively obsessed with exercise to lose belly fat. Excessive exercise leads to physical stress and thus, high cortisol levels. In case of mental stress, you might have noticed that the first thing you would choose is chocolates/ice creams or any comfort foods that are high in sugar or carbs for that matter. At this point of stress, the food gets broken down and is converted to fat and stored in your belly area. Exercise in moderation and keep yourself stress free by indulging in some yoga and meditation or your hobbies.

4. Consumption Of Processed Food
Do you have the habit of reading labels? Do pick one product that you eat the most and read the label today. Most of the processed or ready to eat food products are high in sugar, fat or refined carbs. They are extremely low in fiber as well. Even the fiber enriched product gives less than 2gm of fiber per serving. Read labels and choose wisely. The best solution here is to eat homemade food or you can try some variations to increase fiber intake by incorporating more veggies/fruits along with the main product.

5. Aerated Drinks
Products containing HFCS (High Fructose Corn syrup) or liquid glucose, that are present in all the aerated drinks like Cola, flavored sugar syrups, etc. do not get metabolized and are stored in the belly as fat, which is really tough to get rid off through just activities. Instead, opt for buttermilk, lemon water, coconut water, and fresh lime soda (salted) over the above drinks.

We hope this article helps you make better choices and avoid these common reasons for not losing belly fat. For more on weight loss, check out Healthy Reads or ask a GOQii Coach for guidance by subscribing for Personalised Health Coaching here.

#BeTheForce

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ALL ABOUT VERTIGO!

It came across as strange initially when I said that the world around me was spinning and that my entire room seemed to be in constant motion. Basically, I used to find the floor of my bedroom, the bed, and the room itself was in constant motion (not literally spinning or in constant motion, but I felt that way). I had to walk around supporting myself using the wall, furniture, anything that was close by, and if nothing was available, I literally had to crawl. Finally, I was diagnosed with something called Vertigo.

Vertigo is the feeling that you or your environment is moving or spinning. It differs from dizziness in that vertigo describes an illusion of movement. When you feel as if you are moving, it’s called subjective vertigo, and the perception that your surroundings are moving is called objective vertigo.

A few causes and types of Vertigo:

Benign Paroxysmal Postional Vertigo: Tiny calcium particles called canaliths clump up in the canals of the inner ear. This could also be caused due to sudden movement of the head, resulting in the dislodgement of the crystalline structures in the ear’s balance detectors.

Meniere’s Disease: This is an inner ear disorder caused by changing pressure in the ear and a buildup of fluid in the ear.

Labrynthitis: Inner ear viral or bacterial infection

Bleeding in the brain: Vertigo can be caused by decreased blood flow to the base of the brain. Bleeding into the back of the brain (cerebellar hemorrhage) is characterized by vertigo, headache, difficulty walking, and an inability to look toward the side of the bleed. The result is that the person’s eyes gaze away from the side with the problem. Walking is also extremely impaired.

Some other less evident causes: 

Head or neck injury.

Stroke, tumor, diabetes mellitis, atherosclerosis

Migraine

Certain medications

Hormonal fluctuations in menopausal women.

Most common symptoms are: Spinning, loss of balance, headache, sweating, nausea, and yes I have experienced all of this at one go.

Treatment for Vertigo:  Treatment depends mainly on what’s causing it. There are a variety of treatments for vertigo, including self-care remedies, medications, and physical therapy maneuvers.

Let us look at some of the treatments

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: Posture correction exercises, head and neck strengthening exercises help with this type of vertigo. It has helped me too. Apart from this Vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial for patients diagnosed with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. However, before that, you need to check if you have a Vitamin D deficiency.

Meniere’s Disease and Labrynthitis: These two are usually treated with anti-inflammatory and diuretic medicines. However, natural foods like ginger root and curcumin aid in speeding up the recovery process.

Stroke, Atherosclerosis, Diabetes, Hypertension: Dietary modifications like avoiding junk, simple sugars, refined flours, and incorporating complex carbohydrates, more fruits and vegetables, and whole grains can help improve symptoms of vertigo.

Avoiding red meats, packaged and preserved foods like frozen meats like salamis and sausages, various sauces, chips and wafers (foods high on sodium), and replacing them with fatty fish and lean meats can improve both vertigo or any of the cardiovascular and lifestyle diseases mentioned above.

Understanding vertigo and its various causes can help in managing and treating it effectively. By incorporating lifestyle changes and seeking appropriate medical care, individuals can find relief from the discomfort and distress caused by vertigo. Remember, with the right approach, you can manage vertigo and lead a healthier, more balanced life. For further information or guidance, reach out to our certified experts by subscribing to GOQii’s Personalised Health Coaching here.

#BeTheForce

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