AUTISM Archives

June 18, 2019 By Divya Thampi Leave a Comment

Autism Spectrum Disorder – There’s More To It Than We Know

“Anita starts fondling materials of certain textures, seemingly, without regard for where and on whom the fabric may be located”; “Vansh sometimes asks the same question over and over again, even when he had been given the answer”; “Suhas suddenly starts flapping his arms for no particular reason, and goes on for over five minutes without stopping”

These are descriptions of certain behaviours observed in people/children living with Autism.

The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is not just a single disorder

The word “spectrum” refers to a wide range of symptoms and severity. ASD impacts the way the brain is wired and this difference in wiring can make people in the spectrum good at certain tasks that others find difficult, such as, maths, music or arts. It can also do the opposite, where they find the activities that other people find easy, incredibly difficult, such as socializing and making friends. As per a report published in 2018, one in 59 children will be diagnosed with ASD. Signs usually become evident in children by 2 years of age.

Children/ adults in the spectrum experience difficulties in three main areas – communication, social interaction and behaviour.

Following are some symptoms and types of behaviors seen in people diagnosed with ASD:

Failing to, or being slow to respond to someone calling their name
Resists cuddling and holding and seems to prefer playing alone, retreating into his or her own world.
Makes little eye contact and lacks facial expression
Doesn’t speak or has delayed speech, or loses previous ability to say words or sentences.
Can’t start a conversation or keep one going
Difficulty in understanding simple questions or directions.
Limited or no expression of emotions or feelings and appears unaware of others’ feelings.
Repetitive behaviours like repeating words or phrases.
Intense and lasting interest in certain topics, such as numbers, details, or facts.
Getting upset by slight changes in a routine.
Being more or less sensitive than other people to sensory input, such as light, noise, clothing, or temperature.

The person experiencing Autism Spectrum Disorder has no control over any of these but is often and easily judged by others to be stoic, uncaring, self-centered or many other unkind and unfair ways.

Alongside these symptoms most people experiencing Autism Spectrum Disorder also have to deal with biomedical problems like Seizure disorders, Gastrointestinal disorders, Psychiatric disorders, Metabolic conditions, Sleep irregularities and Obesity. However, these issues often go unaddressed and can aggravate behaviours that seem inappropriate.

As humans, our senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste) are constantly sending information to our brain about our surroundings and about other people. This helps us to choose appropriate responses. And yet to cope with situations that feel uncomfortable or chaotic, each of us develop behaviours that help to calm us down, like fidgeting, biting nails or running our hand through the hair. In Autism Spectrum Disorder where the brain and its senses don’t communicate well, the brain can become overwhelmed and confused, impacting how the person sees the world. People in the spectrum may try to cope with a sensory overload like bright lights or loud sounds, smells or touch (which may feel normal to others, but extreme to them) by rocking themselves, flapping hands, swaying, spinning or doing a number of other things. These actions may seem unusual to others but it is just their way of trying to feel calm. When you see them this way, it means that they are having a hard time.

The kind thing to do is NOT to make it harder for them by getting angry, or ignoring or mocking them. Instead they need friends and family who take the time and patience to understand them and support them.

When in the spectrum, one may often have a difficult time understanding and processing societal norms, especially in terms of social interactions. It doesn’t mean that they are immature or that they don’t care. All it means is that sometimes they don’t know how they are supposed to act or respond. Impatience and misunderstanding by others can often leave people in the spectrum, feeling lonely, anxious and isolated.

They are not ill or broken.

They don’t need fixing.

They just have a different way of experiencing things around them and a unique view of the world. Contrary to popular belief people experiencing ASD also have feelings and care for others. They may not be able to pick up sarcasm but often make some of the best and most honest friends.

“I don’t want to be autistic. But I am, so don’t be mad. Be understanding.” – Carly Fleischmann

April 2, 2019 By Sanjana Shah Leave a Comment

Decoding Autism and ADHD

You have probably seen movies such as Dustin Hoffman starred ‘Rainman’ and Shah Rukh Khan’s My Name is Khan. In both the films, the male lead protagonists play an autistic adult. Dyslexia, also an issue of learning disorder was beautifully talked about in ‘Amir Khan’s ‘Taare Zameer Par’. Movies are the best way for common people to understand these medical conditions. Today, on World Autism day, we have tried to decode both Autism and ADHD.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can seem similar. Adults and children with these conditions have a problem focusing. They can be impulsive or have a hard time communicating. These individuals are intelligent and only different than the others and in many ways special.

Autism and ADHD are neurodevelopmental disorders that impact the same brain functions. Studies have shown that two-thirds of the total affected children with ADHD show autism symptoms too. There is a thin line of difference between their characteristic symptoms, let’s learn about them in detail.

AUTISM – The Isolated Self

The word Autism is derived from a Greek word, ‘autos’ which means ‘self’. Autism can be diagnosed in children as early as 2 years of age and as late as 6-7 years of age. Each autistic child may show different symptoms. You cannot really categorise them into one. It is one of the syndromes that fall under the range of autism spectrum disorders.

Here are some of the distinct characteristics to look out for in an autistic child:

They find difficulty in communicating with others
They prefer to sit alone or play alone. Finds difficult to make friends.
Sensory Dysfunction – cannot stand loud noises, strong smell or flavour.
Repetitive Behaviour- Doing or saying the same things over and over again. For example, constantly clap hands.

The cause of Autism is largely genetic. So if diagnosed from start and treated well then it effectively reduces the symptoms.

How Do You Treat Autism?

– Most diagnosis is by the age of 2. Hence, an overall approach therapy- occupational, behavioural, medical, dietary and physical would help them to cope with the environment and other children better.

– Being oversensitive to touch, taste and sight, they tend to become picky eaters. They prefer to eat only a particular food item over and over again making them nutritional deficit. These deficits need to be addressed through supplements under the guidance of a doctor.

– Expose them to different varieties of the same food item. For example, if they eat apple jam, then the child will be open to trying apple pie or apple as a whole fruit.

– Usually, they are sensitive to foods containing casein (milk, paneer, curd), gluten (wheat, barley, oats) or preservatives (packaged food items). Try to eliminate these items one at a time and observe how they respond.

– Once the sensitivity is known, use substitutes for it. For example, in the case of casein, substitute their milk/paneer requirements with soybean milk/ tofu respectively.

– Gut health is compromised with a condition known as Leaky Gut (i.e. Gut is permeable to toxins and bacteria as they get absorbed or “leak” into the bloodstream). Long term studies have shown that bacteria B. Fragilis aids recovery from leaky gut and reduces the autistic syndrome.

– Medical therapy is important. The drugs that are given will not cure autism but will reduce anxiety and depression in the child. This will improve their learning and communication skills and make them more friendly and open.

ADHD

ADHD is seen in both children and adults. It is usually difficult to identify in children before the age of 5. This is because being inattentive and hyperactive are normal traits shown by any toddler or child.

Its symptoms may or may not stand out clearly. Some of the symptoms include:

Cannot focus on one task for a long time
Difficulty in paying attention in class or in any given activity or discussion
Always needs to move around. Cannot sit at one place.
Usually responds or answers back without thinking much/ Impulsive behaviour

Along with behavioural therapy, diet also plays an important role in managing ADHD. Studies have shown that a diet high in sugar worsens the hyperactive trait in ADHD children. This is because sugars provide instant energy to the brain, so they tend to overthink, overreact more.

A well-balanced diet including veggies, fruits, complex carbs like high fibre cereals and more of proteins will slowly help in easing the symptoms.

Below is the list of foods to be avoided and included-

Foods to be AVOIDED	Foods to be INCLUDED
High sugar-containing foods like candies, cakes, cookies, sweetened chocolates	Dark chocolates loaded with berries, Homemade date (Khajur) rolls or pieces of almonds, raisins. Homemade carrot halwa, sheera
Fried Chips, wafers, ready to eat noodles	Roasted Indian snacks like Chivda, bhel. Plain or less of butter made popcorn. Roasted peanuts and yellow channa. Finger foods like sautee paneer, ragi wafers
Flavoured cereals- cornflakes, milk powder mixes.	Plain cornflakes – add In bananas, berries. Dates milkshake, fruit smoothies, yoghurt
Tetra pack fruit juices, colas, soda beverages	Cut fruits and make popsicles out of it
Refined products like maida based pasta, pizzas, burgers, junk items	Choose whole wheat pizzas with more veggie toppings, make up a salad of the kids choice of veggies and fruits, present veggies inside a chapati roll.

There is no cure for autism and ADHD, but early intervention using skills-training and behaviour modification can yield excellent results.

To understand Autism better, tune into GOQii Play Coach Divya Thampi’s class on ‘Common Myths about Autism Spectrum Disorder‘ tonight at 8:30 PM on the GOQii App.

August 2, 2017 By Dr Ashwin Nanda Leave a Comment

Understanding Autism

I have had firsthand contact with 2 children with autism in my complex and hence I wish to share my experience with these children and talk about Autism. An autistic child lives in her/his own world and finds it quite difficult to associate and relate to the external world. The child takes a long time to bond with another person, even the mother child bonding takes very long to develop. Children with autism seldom establish eye contact, do handshakes and give high fives like their counterparts. They seem extremely shy but the issue is deeper than just being plain simple shy.

Let me take you through these kids’ stories and also in the process talk about what is Autism?

This is the story of Rudraesh, 13. He is the second son and his mother recalls that when he was brought home from the maternity ward after 4 days, he cried a lot for the next 2 days. This behaviour of his was peculiar as she remembers her elder son never reacted this way. In hindsight, she says that it was typical of an autistic child to be uncomfortable in a new environment. When her son did not develop the social milestone of smiling at another person which her elder one had, she got worried and consulted the paediatrician who confirmed her fear that he was autistic.

Autism is a spectrum of disorders in which the difficulty to adapt to the world and be able to take care of oneself varies from mild to severe. Rudraesh is severely autistic since it took 12 years for him to get toilet trained and hygiene conscious. Since his elder brother is normal, his mother feels the reason for his autism is the undue emotional stress she had while she was pregnant with him.

The exact cause of autism still eludes mankind. Researchers are trying to find possible associations which lead to autism. A strong belief is that MMR vaccine (Measles, Mumps and Rubella) predisposes a child to autism. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics during pregnancy and infancy is also suspected to increase the chances of autism. It appears that autism runs in families since many extended families have more than one child affected by it.

Rudraesh has the good fortune of having a dedicated and caring mother and a father who is earning well. She has painstakingly ensured that he picks up basic survival skills and his father spares no expense in getting best possible assistance in the form of special schooling and occupational therapy. Their dream is that Rudraesh can earn a living for himself and be self-sustained. It’s a challenging dream but with the hard work that both parents are putting in, it looks like a reality albeit in distant future.

The second story is that of Madhav, 5. Madhav’smom was heartbroken when the paediatrician diagnosed him to be a mildly autistic child. Initially, she thought her son was mentally retarded. Unlike mentally retarded children, autistic children usually are gifted e.g a few of them have a drawing and painting talent and some are excellent with numbers. Remember Dustin Hoffman’s character in the epic movie Rainman?

Hoffman played an autistic adult who won his brother millions in the casino because of his mathematical gift of predicting permutations in the card deck. Madhav is a mild case because he was able to do a lot of other activities which kids his age did except that he didn’t know his name was Madhav, something a normal 8 months old definitely knows. He wouldn’t respond when his name was called out. Since his autistic trait was diagnosed in time and his parents took help from a good team of therapists who treat children with developmental delays, at age 4 years he is now at par with other normal children. The therapy involves multiple innovative ways of stimulating the child’s brain to grow and learn and catch up.

To summarize, autistic individuals need a lot of support and patience from the society so that their troubles can be minimized.Occupational and behaviour therapy specialists along with parents of these children make a lot of efforts to help them learn to integrate with the world around them and we as mature citizens also need to support them by being non-judgemental and understanding.